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^ii-v^ CS^. £)^. itf/i-.

^arbarli <a:oUege librarg.

CHARLES SUMNER, LL.D.,
OF BOSTON,

(Clu* of 1I30).

/Scii^^/tfJL- i-rJL^jt^/^,

db,Google

AMER I CAN

JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS

BULLETIN OF AMERICAN NUMISMATIC AND
ARCH^OLOGICAL SOCIETIES.

QUARTERLY.

VOL. XXVII.
July, 1892 — July, 1893.

WILLIAM T. R. MARVIN.

Op thk Boston NUHtSHATtc Sociktt.

LVMAN H. LOW,

Of tuk Ahbricam Ndmisuatic and Arckakological Society. New Youe.

EDITVJtS.

BOSTON:

PRESS OF T. R. MARVIN & SON,

M DCCC XCIIL

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CONTENTS.

Abyssinia Currency ....

Alchemical or Maaonic Medal?

Aluminum, Some Thiogs about .

Allusive Symbols of Andeat Coins

American Nmnismadc aod Archaralogical So-
ciety Exhibidon ....

Andent Methods of Stiilciiig Coins

Another Dollar of 1804?

An Unknoirn Continent on a Pre-Columbian
Medal

ARCHABOLOGV :

Andent American Pottery
IMscovery near Beirut
Mound Boilder's Coffin .

A Turkish Columbian Medal

Book Notices :
Annals of the Nova Scotian Currency
Catalogue of Alexandiian Coins, Etc.
Catalogue of the Creek Coins- of Mysia
Descriptions Historique MedaHles Imperi-
ales

Bull against the Comet

Carthage or Nerr Jersey?

Centennial Souvenir Coin

CcMDs, Allusive Symbols on Andent

Coins, Andent Method of Striking

Coins, Early Macedonian .

Coins, Isabella

Coins, Jackson's Collection of

Coins, New English ....

Coins, Proposed Souvenir Centennial .

Coins, Stars and Constellations on

Coin Sales:

Chapman's

Colonial, Continental and Paper Money

Deats Collection

Frossard

Hooper Collection .

New York Coin aad Stamp Company

Ramsden CoUection .

Spitzer Sale, Paris .

Woodside Collection
Columbian Half Dollar
Columbian Turkish Medal
Constellations, Etc., on Coins
Comets, Medals of . . .
Contai^ous Disease from Paper Money

Currency 24,

Destruction of U. S. Dies
Dollar of 1804? ....
Duties, How he avoided
Early Macedonian Coins

Editorial

English Coins (new) .

Fractional and Postal Currency .

French Bank Notes .

Grolier Oub Ezhibitioa

Half Dollar, Columbian

Historical Notes on the U. S. Mint

How he Avoided the Duties

Hungarian Medals

" Inimica Tyrannis " .

Isabella Coins ....

Jackson's CoUection of Coins

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS.

John Hull, the Early Coiner . . . ^
Macedonian Coins of tbe Pangaean Distria :
Masonic Medals ... - iSt 43t ^> <
Medallic Memorials of the Great Comets . t
Medals:

Columbus .

Comets

Erie Canal

French St. Helena

Hungarian .... 15, 43, 66, (

Masonic 15, 43. 66, (

Medical 7-36. SS. i

Solar System

Spanish .

Unknown Continent ott
Money, Stone
New Columbian Medals
New Jersey or Carthage
Nickel and its Uses
Notes and Queries:

Alchemical or Masonic

A Spanish Medal

A Turkish Columbian

Ephraim Brasher

French Bank Notes .

Unus non Sufficit Orbis
Obituary :

David L. Walter
Paper Money and Contagious Disease

Perkins, Jacob

Peter, the Mint Bird

Pine Tree Shillings Coined by HuU

Pin Money

Postal and Fractional Currency .
Preddent Jackson's Collection of Coins

PrOCEEDINCS of SoCIETtES:

American Numismatic and Archsological

Sodety

Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of
Philadelphia ....

Stars and Constellations on C(uns

Stone Money ....

Souvenir Centennial Coin

Symbols, Allusive, of Andent Coins

The Early Days of the Mint

The French St. Helena Medals .

The Grolier Qub ExhibilioD

Tbe Medals, Jetons and Tokens Illustrative
of the Sdence ot Medidne . 7> 36. 5S. S

The New English Coins .... 7

U. S. Coin Dies Destroyed .... 6

U. S. Mint:

Eagle at S

Eariy Days of 13. 3

Historical Notes i

Uses of Nickel 6

Unknown Continent on Pre-Columbian Medal

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Vol. XXVII.— No. 2.I

[Whole No. 138.

A M ERI CAN
JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS

AND

bulletin of american i'jumismatic and
arch^ological societies.

October

BOSTON:
PUBLISHED gUARTERLY.

LYMAN H. LOW,

E AMBRICAM NlJMFSMATlC AND ARCHABOLOfilCAL SoCISTY, NKW YORK.

EDITORS.

SUBSCRIPTIONS RECEIVED BV

DAMRELL & UPHAM,

383 WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON, MASS.

SCOTT STAMP AND COIN CO.. L'd., i8 E. TWENTY-THIRD ST., NEW YORK CITY.

S. H. & H. CHAPMAN.

1348 PINE STREET, PHILADELPHIA.

'INK & SON, 1 GRACKCHURCH STRKET. E. C, LONDON.

ROLI.IN & KEUARDKNT, 4 RUK DE LOUVOIS, PARIS.
E, OAHN, 36 ESCHERSHEIMER LANDSTRASSE, FRANKFORT, A/M,
J. A. STARGARDT, 3 DKSSAUKRMTRASSE, BERLIN, S. W., GERMANY.
EGGER BROS., 1 OtERNRING, VIENNA, AUSTRIA.

All Commuaicatioo.'! to be addressed to W. T. R. Marvin, 73 Federal Street, Boston, Mass.

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CONTENTS.

Carthage or New Jersey? ■' ■ ■ 73

Postal and Fractional Currency, 75

The French St. Helena Medals, 80 ■

" Isabella Coins," ............ tio

The Medals, Jetons, and Tokens Illustrative of the Science of Medicine, ... 81

Peter, the " Mint Bird," 85

Medailic Memorials of the Great Comets. 86

The Exhibition of the American Numismatic and Archaeological Society, 87

Some Things about Aluminum 89

Notes and Queries : —

A Turkish Columbian, 90

Masonic Medals, 91

The Grolier Club Exhibition 92

Another Dollar of 1804 (?) 93

Coin Sales: —

The Spitzer Sale, 93

The Chapmans' Sale 93

Frossard's Sale, ............ o^

Proceedings of Societies: —

The American Numismatic and Archaeological Society, .... 94

The Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia, . . , . 95
Book Notice:— •

Annals of the Nova Scotlan Currency, . , , , . . g;

Archaeology : —

Ancient American Pottery 95

Mound Builders' CoRin, 96

Editorial, 96

Currency, 96

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.<^^

AM ER I C AN

JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS,

AND

Bulletin of American Numismatic and Archaeological Societies.
Vol. XXVII. BOSTON, APRIL, 1893. No. 4.

CARTHAGE OR NEW JERSEY?

A VERY curious piece, which has several times figured in American sales
of coins, came into my possession in 1891. Its first appearance, so far as I
know, was in the catalogue of the collection of A. C. Kline, sold in Philadel-
phia, June 12 and 13. 1855. It was thus described: " New Jersey Penny,
copper — obv. horse's head, xLii; rev. kart hago. ; Indian standing; v^yfine
and exceedingly rare" It was next seen in the catalogue of the collection of
Benjamin Haines, sold in New York, Jan. 19-23, 1863, as follows: " 'Kart
Hago.' This copper coin was sold in a sale of coins belonging to A. C.
Kline, of Philadelphia, in 1855, and described .... It was valued by its
former owner at $100." It brought $29. It was again seen in the sale made
by G. F. Seavey, June 21 and 22, 1864, and was, I believe, sold more than
once after this before its last appearance in the catalogue of the collection of
George Morris, sold in Philadelphia, June 16 and 17, 1891. There it had a
long notice. " New Jersey (?) A remarkable coin. The obverse has a horse
head similar to the New Jersey but much enlarged ; below xlii. Rev., man
with remarkably small head, a hat hanging on left ear, his body developing
in proportion downwards, making the lower part of trunk, apparently, weigh
more than all the rest of him ; in his hand he holds a staff with trefoil or
pawnbroker's sign, karthago. What is it? Was the New Jersey design
taken from it? Very fine, light olive." Soon after this sale I obtained it for
a very small price compared with the $100 at which it started.

I saw the piece in 1863, and at the March meeting of the Boston Numis-
matic Society I read in reference to it a short paper, which was printed in the
Boston Transcript and the Historical Magazine. I now copy the larger part
of it for the journal, and add such facts as I have since learned concerning
the piece. "... I saw the piece in New York, and immediately perceived
that it had nothing whatever to do with New Jersey, but was in design,
though not in execution, an imitation of the ancient Carthaginian coins, and
was, I supposed, struck in the early part of the last century. The inscription
VOL. xxvn. 10

Digitized by CjOO*^lt'

74 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [APRI^

of course should be read Karthago. Since my return, In looking over one of
my numismatic works, I met with an engraving and a short description of the
very piece. My opinion of its character was confirmed, though It is of earlier
date than I supposed, as the volume describing it was published in 1683. It
is the ' Introductio ad Historiam Numismatum,' by Charles PatJn. The fol-
lowing is a translation of the passage : ' Queen Dido is said to have coined
the first money for the Carthaginians. Although we have no coins of her
time, yet some exist, which were in common use among merchants, from
which we have selected one as a specimen, rare and worthy of particular
notice, of which we have given an explanation elsewhere,' and a reference is
given to another book by Patin, which I do not possess, and which I am
unable to consult."

I long ago obtained a copy of the other work of Patin, which has much
to say about Carthage, but adds nothing to our information about this partic-
ular piece. Various other volumes contain a short mention of the piece, or
an engraving of it, as the Catalogues of the famous Pembroke collection and
of the Hunter collection, LeleweT's " Numismatique du Moyen-Age," and the
" Medallas de las Colonias, Municipios y Pueblos Antiguos de Espana" of
Florez. It is mentioned, with the two smaller pieces marked XII and XXI,
by the great Eckhel in his "Doctrina Numorum Veterum." I translate his
words thus: "The almost barbaric workmanship of these coins and their
whole appearance easily lead us to attribute them to this age, [about A. D.
500] because of their resemblance in style and in the numbers on them to the
coins inscribed invicta roma, which we consider to have been struck when the
Goths were driven from Italy." They are all three engraved and described
in the " Description G^n^rale des Monnaies Byzantines," by J. Sabatier in
1862. He considers them autonomous coins of Carthage struck somewhere
about A. D. 500, and says that they are based on an unknown unit of value,
and " represent a system irregular and bizarre, because these numbers are
not exact divisors of a common quantity." apparently ignoring the obvious
fact that eighty-four is a common multiple of all three. There is in this
nothing more strange than the introduction of a three-cent piece in our own
decimal system.

The three pieces are all described in a paper by Maximilian Borrell in
the Numismatic Chronicle for 1854. He supposes the standing warrior to
be Genseric, who ruled in Africa 429-477, and considers the numerals to be
so many milliarenses, or thousandth parts of the numus argenteus. Finally, so
far as I know, they are described and illustrated in a communication to the
Numismatic Chronicle for 1878 by C. F. Keary, who adds not one word of
explanation.

My own great trouble is that all these descriptions and engravings
evidently refer to pieces much older and ruder than the copper now in my
possession, which seems to me to be a copy or imitation of them. When or
where it was struck I have as yet no idea, but I have long wished to preserve
this record of it in the pages of the Journal 0/ Numismatics. I should have
done so earlier, but that I always hoped at some time to obtain the piece, as
I succeeded in doing in 1891. Any additional facts concerning it will be
very welcome to me. „ „„. ,„^„

■^ W. S. APPLETON.

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i»93.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS.

POSTAL AND FRACTIONAL CURRENCY.

Upon the breaking out of the war of" the Rebellion, all of the gold, silver,
and copper money in circulation in the United States disappeared as if by
magic, to the extent of many millions in comparatively a few days.

The cause of this disappearance was due to the desire of the timid to save
something of actual value from the threatened wreck of the Union, and on the
part of the avaricious to hoard up that which was sure to have a large premium
in the future.

The notes of the State Banks then in circulation prevented any serious
inconvenience, as regarded amounts from one dollar upward ; but as the silver
and copper coins struck by the Government were the only fractional currency
in use, the inconvenience caused by its sudden disappearance can hardly be
imagined at the present time. An illustration of the condition of affairs may
be cited in the case of a house in New York which had so many copper cents
stored in one of its rooms that the floor collapsed.

A relief from this condition was needed promptly, and the first came from
individual enterprise. Merchants issued promissory notes on small sizes of
paper for amounts varying from one cent up, and redeemable in goods at their
place of business.

Metal tokens in brass, copper and various alloys, were also issued by
merchants and manufacturers, in the form of advertisements, or bearing
patriotic and other mottoes, and these readily passed for cents.

Street-car tickets, milk tickets, and anything having an apparent value
was pressed into service for making change.

The Postage Stamp very naturally quickly claimed recognition as a circu-
lating medium, but the adhesive back was a serious impediment. The New
York Central Railroad utiHzed postage stamps by enclosing various amounts
in small envelopes, which were issued as change. Stamps were also mounted
in small brass circles, with mica over the face and advertisements stamped on
the back.

To Gen. F. E. Spinner, then Treasurer of the United States, is due the
credit of first pasting upon slips of paper, in definite amounts, the United
States Postage Stamps in the semblance of money.

The attention of the Post Office Department having been called to this
arrangement of stamps, they readily agreed to redeem them with new stamps,
when worn or mutilated.

The convenience and definite value of the pasted stamps, as arranged by
Gen. Spinner, were so readily apparent that the matter was at once taken up
by Congress, and the regular issue of postal currency was authorized. This
" Postal Currency" had the semblance of postage stamps printed on it, on the
same plan as Gen. Spinner's original arrangement. At the time of authorizing
the Postal Currency, Congress also prohibited the issuing of fractional cur-
rency and tokens by individuals. The Postal Currency was soon succeeded
by the " Fractional Currency," which remained in use until the issue of silver
again became a possibility.

The following described and tabulated collection of Postal and Fractional
Currency was made by the writer at the time the same was issued, and is

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76 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [April,

believed to be complete, comprising all kinds and varieties that were issued.
Besides the regular issues, many unique specimens will be found, comprising
personally signed bills, bills without signatures, proofs, samples and orna-
mented bills, and counterfeits of some of the issues.

One of the most interesting bills is a sample printed on paper having the
water-mark C. S. A., which was captured on a " blockade runner." It was
decided to destroy this paper, finally, but a sheet of it is in this collection.

Some years after the abolition of the Fractional Currency, Gen. Spinner
manifested a personal interest in this collection by sending to me specimens
which had been submitted to him, printed on different paper from the speci-
mens (obverse and reverse separate) that were sold to collectors.

Of the first issue, " Postal Currency," the five and twenty-five cent pieces
were printed on buff-colored paper; the ten and fifty cent pieces on fine white
paper. Of those that he sent me, the five and twenty-five cent pieces are
printed on while paper, and the ten and fifty cent pieces on coarse, common
white paper.

After it became known as Fractional Currency, I have specimens printed
on coarse card board ; one of the card board specimens, a fifty-cent note, has
Spinner's original autograph and no Register's name. The other card speci-
mens have both Treasurer and Register printed on them.

He sent me a set — 5, lo, 25, and 50 — of his original pasted bills; the
fifty-cent bears his written autograph.

No similar event has occurred in the history of paper money to that which
was marked by the beginning and end of Fractional Currency, and though of
comparatively recent date but little of it remains in existence.

Hie fact that Gen. Spinner was a townsman and personal friend of the
writer made it possible to form this collection in its exhaustive completeness.

Following are extracts from Gten. Spinner's letters in my possession, also
an article taken from the Washington Star, and a description of each piece,
147 in number.

THOMAS CUNNINGHAM.

Mohawk, N. Y.

EXTRACTS FROM GENERAL SPINNEB'S LETTERS.

t. "It is true that I procured postage stamps from the Post Office Department
for circulation in the room of small coins, with an understanding that they would be
redeemed with new ones ; and that I did paste them on papers so as to make them of
uniform size, and that a law passed Congress authorizing the issue of Postal Currency,
which was engraved in the simiHtude of my pasted bills, is also true."

2. " Some of the specimen currency was printed on paper captured from the
Confederates, and it bears the water-mark, C. S. A. I find, however, that you will have
to send a dollar to get two half-dollars ; the letters run across the border of two notes.
If you write for them you should ask to have them sent without having the edges
trimmed, as the water-mark is principally off from the notes."

3. "I have seen Mr. Clark since I wrote you. His address is S. M. Clark, Con-
necticut Screw Company, Superintendent's office, Hartford, Conn. He thinks the
three-cent notes were pnnted on Confederate paper. Since writing the foregoing, I
had the specimen currency examined, and I find that in addition to the fifty-cent

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1893.]

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS.

notes, five-cent and three-cent notes were printed on that paper. I send you two of
the former and one of the latter enclosed. The three are all cut up into single notes,
so I could not get the ' C. S. A.' on one piece of paper."

"how spinner invented fractional currency."

From Waihington Star.

The origin of the Fractional Currency, which has been in the past few years suspended by
fractional silver, is somewhat peculiar and not generally known. The appearance of this cur-
rency, which at first was always spoken of as " postal currency," was due to the premium on
specie.

In 1862 small change became very scarce. Gold being up and taking with it silver, these
coins disappeared from circulation. Stockings were brought out, and the precious metals found
their way to their heels and toes.

It was more than a day's search to find a five-cent silver piece, or any other small denom-
ination of thai [silver] coin. People could not find exchange for small transactions. In buying
a dinner at the market, change had to be taken in beets, cabbages, potatoes, and what not.

Gen. Spinner was then Treasurer of the United States. He was constantly appealed to
from all quarters to do something to supply the demand for small change. He had no law
under which he could act, but after buying a half-dollar's worth of apples several times, and
receiving for his half-dollar in change more or less, different kinds of produce, he began to cast
around for a subsritute for small change. In his dilemma he bethought him of the postage
stamp. He sent down to the Post Office Department and purchased a quantity of stamps. He
then ordered up a package of the paper upon which Government Securities were printed. He
cut this into various sizes, and on the pieces he pasted stamps to represent different amounts.
He thus invented a substitute for fractional silver. This was not, however, a "Government
transaction " in any sense. It could not be.

Gen. Spinner distributed his improved currency among the clerks of his Department.
They took it readily, and the trade-folks more readily. The idea spread ; the postage stamps,
either detached or pasted upon a piece of paper, became the medium of small exchange. It
was dubbed "Postal Currency."

From this Gen. Spinner got his idea of the Fractional Currency, and went before Congress
with it. That body readily adopted it, and but a short time after Gen. Spinner had begun past-
ing operadons, a law was on the statute-book providing for the issue of the Fractional Currency
which became so popular. The fac-simile of postage stamps was put on each piece of currency,
and for a long time it was known as " Postal Currency." The introduction of postal stamps as
money entailed considerable loss to those who handled them ; in a short time they became so
worn and disfigured that they would not take a letter on its way, and were, therefore, worthless."

TABULAR VIEW.
POSTAL AND FRACTIONAL CURRENCY.

DESIGN. ; TO 30 FIRST SERIES. ALL HAVE BUST OF WASHINGTON.

DiNOU.

Color.

Edgk.

Spec Mares.

Back.

No.

D.MOK.

Coum.

Edcbs,

Sfic. Harks.

Back.

Brown

Cut

Plain

Buff

Perforated

None

Regular

Green

Brown

Buff

Plain

A. B. C.

Green

Buff

Perforated

A. B. C.

Regular

Buff

Green

Buff

None

Green

Buff

','.

None

18
'9

Green
Buff

Green

Notes, — i to 4 made by Mr. Sptoner, who pasted postage stamps 00 Government paper with U. S. Treasury heading.
No. 4 has autograph signature of F.E. Spinner; no others hai^e signatures. Those bearing the letters A. B. C. were printed
by the American Back Note Company ; the otheis by the Government.

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS.

[April,

DiHOM

PAP...

B*CK.

PK.-LIA..T.K,

No.

Dbhoh

Papib.

BAOt.

PKUUAMTtK.

Split

Buff
Greeo
Purple
Carmine

Lets.andFigs. oob'k

27
28

as
SO

PlaiD

Buff
Green
Purple
Carmine

NoLets.orFigs.onbIt

Washington
Clarke

Washington

Colby & Spinner
Jefines & SpiDoer
Colby & Spinner

Allison & Spinner
Allison &. New
Colby & Spinner

Thick coarsi
Thin plain

Red

Green

Red

Green

Green
Red
Dif. Red

Dark background
Light

Signatures Printed

Signatures Written

Bronze Figs, and Letters on back

Without Figs, and Letters on back

Bronze Figs, and Letters on back
Soc. in Centre of Bill
50c. on each End

Notes. — Nos. 46, 47, 48, 53 and 53 have autogiaph Eignatures. Nos. 38 uid 43 10 53 both inclusive have a solid bronze
Geld ; 39, 40 and 41 an open oniamenlBl frame ; the others have no special marks, except as given under " Peculiarities."

FOURTH SERIES.

No.

DiHOH

Bust.

PKULIABmiS.

No.

D»»OH

Bust,

pBCtrUARITIIS.

Uberty

|6l

Dexter

Silk Thread

;<>

Pallas

Auto. John C. New on back

Washington
Uncoln

ft-;

Meredith

Silk Thread

166

Long "slim key" ia Seal

Uberty

Short "thick key" in Seal

Long " slim key" in Seal

Washington

Pink Paper

Short " thick key" in Seal

Blue Paper, Silk Threads

Crawford

SUk Thread

Stanton

Notes. — The paper used was a thin plain paper, except as noted in last column. 70 bore the signatures of Allison &
New ; all the otben of Allisoa & Spinner. Nos. 54 to 61 both iacluslve, b^ a laig« se«J ; the others a small one. On 6$
the seal was green ; cm 66 to jo incltisive, K was ted.

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1893.]

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS.

FIRST SERIES.

[REPRINTS

FOR COLLECTORS.]

No.

DKiOll

COLOK,

Bust.

P*P1R.

Back.

DlHOH

COLOH.

Bust.

Papbb.

Back.

•BrowQ

Jefferson

Pl'n White

White

•Brown

Jefferson

Light Buff

Buff

•Brown

Jefferson

•Brown

Jeffereon

Dark Buff

White

Washington

Pl'n White

White

'Green

Washington

Pl'n While

t Black

tBlack

'Green

Washington

White

•Green

Washington

White

tBlack

tbe back of each piece is black. 77, 78, B5 and 86 have a C S. A. wi

SECOND SERIES. [REPRINTS FOR COLLECTORS.]

No.

DBNOli

Color.

•Black

t Brown

•Black

<to

fGreen

•White

tOreen

<i-

•White

fGreen

Washington W. mlc C. S. A.

Washington

Gold Ringn

No.

DllKO«.

Colon.

•Black

tPurple

tCanniiie

fCarmine

101

s°

•White

102

fCanmne

Washington

Outline 50 c

Blank t

W. m'k C. S. A.

These notes were printed by the Goyemment, on plain while paper, eieepl as noted above, with cul edges; (he ob-
rse (•) and reverse (t) separately; they have no signatures, and the backs aie blank, as those in the preceding table,
c^t as noted, a. Obverse blank with tbe eiceplion of gold ring. i. Obverse blank, c. Obverse blank «ith the excep-
>a of bronze letters and figures in corners, d. Gold ring on the reveise side, t. Thick card : obverse blank.

THIRD SERIES. [REPRINTS FOR COLLECTORS-]

SiGHATURIS.

No.

Dbkom

Cou,..

101

•Black

lOi

JO(

fGreen

10;

fRed

lot

fGreen

•Black

fGreen

•Black

112

fRed

fGreen

114

•Black

fGreen

•Red

•Black

IIQ

fRed

12]

fGreen

13:

121

13^

fGreen

•Black

•BUck

127

•Black

I2i;

lie

fGreen

•Black

III

fGreen

•Black

134

fGreen

Washington
Clark

Washington
Washington

Sherman &. Grant
Sherman & Giant
Shennan & Grant
Fessenden

Fessenden
Liberty seated
Spinner
Spinner
Spinner
Spinner
ly the Goremment 01

W.m'kC.S.A.

Colby & Spinner
Colby & Spinner

Colby & Spinner
Jeflries & Spinner
Allison & Spinner
Colby & Spinner

Colby & Spinner
Colby & Spinner

Colby & Spinner
Colby & Spinner
Spinner

te paper without

Thick Card
Thin Paper

W.m'kC. S.A

Plain Paper
Thick Card
/. m'k C. S. A.

Obverse Blank

Autograph Signatures
Obverse Blank

Autograph Signatures
Autograph Signatures

« (t) are printed separately, with plain backs.

Coarse White Paper
Autograph Signatures
Autograph Signatures

except as otherwise noted. All have cut ei^es.

dbyGoogk

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS.

[April,

COUNTERFEITS.

No,

Issui.

Dehqm

C0L0«.

Bust.

S.C1N»TV«S.

Back.

P«CUU*«ITIE.

Green

Washington

Black

Counterfeit

BrowD

Green

Black

Purple

Pink

Green

Genuine 10c. raised to 50c.

Fessenden

Colby & Spinner

Light Green

Counterfeit

Dark Green

Uberty seated
Spinner

Green

Soc. in Centre of Bill

Soc. at each End of Bill

Lincoln

Allison & Spinner

Counterfeit

Stanton

It edges and were prinled on white paper wilh the exception of No. a, wbldi

THE FRENCH ST. HELENA MEDALS.

In 1857 Napoleon III caused a medal to be struck in honor of the veterans of the
First Republic and the First Empire. It was called the St. Helena medal, and was
only conferred on those old soldiers who had served under French colors between 1792
and 1815, and for a period of at least two years. In the year 1869 this decoration
was in the possession of no less than 43,592 veterans, and now, according to the Ger-
man Militar-Wochenblatt, the total has dwindled down to 13. In 1877 the number had
sunk to 10,540, in 1880 there were 4,024 survivors, and in 1890 only 48 worn-out old
men remained to answer to any mortal roll-call. 0£ the thirteen veterans who are yet
living — men who have actually seen "le petit Corporal " face to face — the youngest
was born in 1800, and the eldest on July 28, 1786 ; he is, therefore, 106 years old. He
lives in a hospital for veterans at Lyons, He served with Napoleon in Egypt, and
marched with him over the Great St. Bernard. He took part in the Peninsula war,
and the fatal retreat from Moscow, Five times wounded in Russia, he carries one of
the bullets in his body still. His battles and bruises ended at Waterloo, where he
served with the Imperial Guard.

"ISABELLA COINS."

The following item we cut from an exchange: —

"The Isabella coin, as the souvenir Quarter dollar to be issued for the Board of
Lady Managers of the Columbian Exposition is called, is promised to be in readiness
for distribution in June. Already orders for lots from ten to five hundred are daily
being received at the Woman's Building in Chicago. As there are to be only 40,000
of these coins, the prospect is that most of them will be disposed of before the first
one is issued from the Mint.

It was at first planned to sell these souvenir Quarters for $1 apiece. At this
price the Board of Lady Managers would realize $40,000 in addition to the $10,000 of
the appropriation made by Congress. But as the present demand indicates that the
limited supply will be quite insufficient, and as no definite price has yet been fixed,
it is possible that the coins will be sold for more than $1.

It is the desire of a large number of the Board of Lady Managers to make pro-
vision for a memorial of some sort which shall be of permanent value to women when
the World's Fair is over, and it is more than probable that the amount made by the
sale of the Isabella coins will be devoted to this purpose.

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1893.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 81

THE MEDALS, JETONS, AND TOKENS ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE
SCIENCE OF MEDICINE.

BY DR. HORATIO R. STORER, NEWPORT, R. I.
tCoDiiiiDed from VoL XXVII, p. sg.]

I have found two new American medical medals, since the issue of the last
number of the JoumeU. The first comes within

B. I. CeiUges.

593. Obverse. Within field, the Arms of Massachusetts, an Indian with bow
upon a cartouche, surmounted by arm and sword. At left, an anchor with cable; at
right, a mounted globe and telescope, laurel wreath, parchment and two books.
Inscription, over a scrolled line : sawyer medal ■ amherst college ■ Exergue :

AWARDED - TO

Reverse. Within laurel branches tied by ribbon, a radiant human-faced sun,
below which an open book, and still beneath, a folded band, upon which, incused :

TERRAS IRRADIENT Legend: MONET PYTHIAS APOLLO UT SE QUISQUE NOSCAT Gold,

bronze. 28. 44 mm.

Prize medal in Human Anatomy and Physiology, founded by Edward Houghton
Sawyer {1820-1878), of Easthampton, Mass.

In my collection, the gift of Prof. Edward Hitchcock.

The second belongs with

F. C. Pharmacists' ToktHt.

594. Obverse, cod-liver glycerine co. | a | prescription | remedy \ cod-
liver, t glycerine I • MIXES WITH ALL ' I MEDICINES. | ST. LOUIS, U. S. A.

Reverse, aluminum pocket piece | this will I -identify- | [ |

j -IN CASE OF- I ACCIDENT | TRADE MARK Aluminum. 19. 30 mm.

In my collection.

VI. GREAT BRITAIN.'

The medical medals and tokens of British America have already been described.'
Apparently but one, from Bermuda, exists of the British West Indies.' Those of the
other British Colonies will be given in the present connection.

A. Personal Midals.^

Dr. Thomas Alexander ( -i860), of London.

595. Obverse. Bust, to left. j. s. & a. b. wyon sc. Inscription : thomas Alex-
ander c : B : dir(ector) : gen(eral) :a(rmy) : m(edical) : d{epartment) : 1858-1860

Reverse. Hygieia seated, to left, a serpent entwined about her arm drinking
from a patera. At left, in rear, two army tents ; helmet and sword to right. Beneath,
small staff of Aesculapius, lying horizontally, j. s. & a. b. wyon sc. Bronze. 27. 43 mm.

Storer, The Sanitarian, May, 1890, No. 1289 In the Fisher Collection.

There exists a medal of Wm. Alexander, a Dublin merchant.' which has been
wrongly attributed by Von Duisburg to an Edinburgh surgeon of that name. I my-

I There will be noticed certain deficiencies of dates the place of their birth, removed to London, either

and, u to several medals, of descriptions also. In each permanentlj or for a number of years, the formal classl-

Instance I have assiduously endeavored to obtain the ncation under England, Scotlano, and Ireland, will not

desired information, but manj of my letters 10 English be attempted for the personal medals. The British

physicians and numismatists remain as yet unanswered, barber-surgeons of the i^Ih century will be subsequent] j

I The Journal, January, April, Ju^, October, 18S9; described by themselves.

October, 1890 ; July, 1891 ; January, October, 1891. S Fraicr, 7mrnal of tke Royal Hist, and Arch. Assoc.

3 Ibid., January. 1890. of Inland, VII, p. 4^8,

4 As several British medical men ivho are medallists, 6 Loc. cU., p. 114, DXCVii.
have, after identifying themselves professionailjr with

VOL. XXVU. 11

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83 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [April,

self, following Von D., fell into the same error.' Durand had the erroneous impres-
sion that it represented still another W. A., from 1786 to 1876 connected with the
Department of Antiquities at the British Museum.'

Dr. Francis Shortt Arnott ( ), of Gwalior, Bombay.

596. Obverse. Head, to right, j. s. & A. b. wvon sc. Inscription : francis

SHORTT ABNOTT.

Reverse. A wreath. Inscription : aknott prize founded 1869. Bronze. 28.
44 mm.

Conferred by Grant Medical College, Bombay. In the Fisher Collection.' I
owe its description to Mr. Allan Wyon of London, Chief Engraver of Her Majesty's
Seals, to whom I am under many other obligations.

Dr. Neil Arnott (1788-1874), of London.

597. Obverse. Bust, to left, a. b. wyon. Inscription : prize for experimen-
tal PHYSICS FOUNDED 1869 | -:- NEIL ARNOTT ■:■

Reverse. Within a circle, upon a depressed field, laurel boughs tied by ribbon,
enclosing armorial shield, upon which a Greek cross. Across upper arm a transverse
bar, on which an open book. At centre of cross, a crowned rosette. , Below, at right,
J. s. & A. B. WYON sc. Inscription : * university of london ^ Bronze. 40. 65 mm.

Storer, The Sanitarian, Sept., 1890, No. 1467.

In the Fisher Collection. Dr. Arnott received in 1854 the Rumford Medal of
the Royal Society, and in 1855 the gold medal of the Paris Exposition, and the Cross
of the Legion of Honor.

Dr. John Hutton Balfour (1808-1884), of Edinburgh.

598. Obverse. Bust to left. Inscription : john hutton balfour.

Reverse, university of Glasgow, class of botany, for herbarium. Below,
a thistle. Gold, silver. Oval, 15 x 18. 24 x 28 mm.

Cochran-Patrick, Scottish Medals, p. 154, No. 14*, pi. XXXII, fig. i.
Dr. William Baly (1814-1861), of London.

599. Obverse. Bust, to left, almost facing, with open shirt. Below : j, s. wyon
sc. Inscription : in honorem gulielmi baly, m. d. ob'^'. 1861.

Reverse. View of the Royal College of Physicians. Inscription : ob physiolo-

GIAM FELICITEB EXCULTAU, BelOW : SIR R. SHIRKE R. A. ARCH''' ; J. S. & A, B. WYON SC.

Exergue : coll. reg. hed. lond. Upon rim, name of recipient, in his native lan-
guage, engraved, with date of award. Gold, bronze. 37. 58 mm.

Cat. of Medals of Royal Society of London, 1892, No, 3.

Biennial, to person most distinguished during this time in Physiology. I owe
the description to Dr. Edward Liveing, Registrar of the College.

Dr. Sir* Robert Barker ( -1745), o^ London,

600. Obverse. Head, to right. Beneath : a, dassier f. Inscription : robertus
BARKER.

Reverse. A scrolled shield, surmounted by a female head, and fillet. Beneath,
the head of Aesculapius, entwined by two serpents. On either side, a palm leaf.
Within field : doctor hedicus | socius regime societ, | londinensis | mdccxliv.
Bronze. 35. S4 """■

Moehsen, I, p. 344, fig. : Gaetani, II, p. 341, pi, CLXXXIV, fig. 4; Snelling,
pi. 31, fig. 2 ; Poulharies, HisL M^t., p, 226 ; Rudolphi, p. n. No. 44 ; Kluyskens, I,
p. 62 ; ibid., Cat., 1886, p. 96, No. 44; Duisburg, p. 222, DLXXXVIll ; Hawkins,
Franks and Grueber, Medallic Illustrations, II, p, 588, No. 232 ; Storer, loc. cit., Nov.,
1889, No. 1140,

t Lee. eit., September, 1S39, No. toSj. 4 In Great Britain, after a physician has been

2 Lee. eit., p. 3, pi. I, fig. z. knighted, it is the custom to drop liis title of doctor.

3 The death of Dr. George J. Flshet of Sing Sing, I however still applj it, as in accordance with oar own
N. v., since the publication of the last number of the usage, and to show that the person indicated is a medi-
Journal, removes a correspondent ai manjr years, whose cal or surgical graduate-
extensive collection has always been open to me for

the purposes of comparison and research.

db,Google

1893.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 83

In the Government (Lee)' Collection. An engraving of the Medal is in the
Library of the U. S. Surgeon General, at Washington.

601. Obverse Z.5 preceding.

Reverse. A garland above ; oak branches tied by ribbon, below. Between :

FRAESES I SOCIETATIS REGIAB | LONDINENSIS. t MDCCXLIV. BronzC. 3$. 54 mm.

Hawkins, Franks and Grueber, II, p. 589, No. 233 ; Storer, loc. cil., Aug., iSgr,
No. 1840.

A mule, with reverse of one of the medals of Dr. Sir Hans Sloane, It conveys
a very serious error, since Dr. Barker, though a Fellow, was never President of the
Royal Society of London.

Dr. Wm. Macphune Bathgate (1797-1867), of Edinburgh. See under B. 1. of
Medical Colleges.

There exists a Medal ("Labia Scientiae," etc.) of John Bell (1736-1770), but he
was not one of the medical men of that name.

Dr. John Jeremiah Bigsby (1792-1881), of London.

602. Obverse. Bust, to left. Below: A. B. wyon. Inscription : j. j, bigsby m. d.

F. R. S. BIBKNIAL FRIZB MEDAL FOUNDED 1876.

Reverse. A fossil echinoderm, within the following : agelacrinites dicksoni.
FOUND. 1822. CANADA. Below : J. s. & A. B, WYON. Inscription : awarded by the

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR WORK OF GREAT MERIT. Gold, brOnze. 29.

46 mm. (Awarded in gold every two years.)

Cat. of the Medals of Roysd Society of London, 1892, No. 45.

603. Obverse and reverse similar, but larger, and with larger letters. Bronze.
41. 64 mm. (This has been discontinued for the preceding.)

Ibid., No. 46.

Dr. Frederic Bird (1818-1874), of London.

604 Obverse. Bust, to right, three-quarters facing.

Fourth year prize of the Westminster Hospital Medical School. I owe the
description to its Dean, Dr. Wm. H. Allchin.

Dr. Golding Bird (1815-1854), of London.

605. Obverse. Head to right. Beneath neck : Leonard c. wyon. Inscription :
golding bird m. d,, f. r. s. I guy's hospital 1843-54

Reierse. Within laurel branches : the | golding bird | prize medal | founded
I 1887 Inscription : for proficiency in methods of diagnosis Gold. 30. 46 mm.

Commemorative medal, founded by his widow. I have wax impressions of it,
through the kindness of their son, Mr. C. H. Golding-Bird, of London.

Dr. Joseph Black (1723-1799), of Edinburgh.

606. Obverse, Bust to left. On truncation : n. hacphail. sc. Inscription :
JOSEPHUS black md'ccxxiii-mdccxcix.

Reverse. In seven lines : in academ. glascuens. facultate hedica DISCIPU-
LUS INGENIO AC LABORE IN5IGNIS PRCEMIUM HOCCE HERITO CONSECUTUS EST. (This

reverse is similarly employed for medals of Dr. Wm. Cullen and John and Wm. Hun-
ter.) Silver, bronze. 44. 70 mm.

Cochran -Patrick, p. 153, No. 12 ; Cat of Medals of Royal Society, No. 30.

Surgeon Sir Gilbert Blane, R. N. (1749-1834), of London.

607. Obverse. Bust of the founder.

Reverse. A wounded sailor falling into the arms of a comrade. Gold.
Tancred, Medals conferred on British Navy, Army and Auxiliary Forces, 1891,
p. 404; Storer, loc. cit., March, 1893, No. 2058.

I The death of Dr. W. Lee of Wufaington, a verjr the outset of my aodeTtaJung, be has been > tnnstant

n this conntTj, i

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84 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [April,

Founded by Dr. B. in 1830. Given triennially to the two medical officers who
shall produce the most approved journals of their practice while actually serving in
ships of the British Navy.

Among English medical medals there has been catalogued one of " Wm. Boy-
ston {iic), the Founder of the School for Medicine." ' I have made extended and wholly
fruitless inquiries in England regarding this. It has since occurred to me that it is
undoubtedly the medical medal of Harvard University, "W. N. Boylston. Scholae
Medicinae Fundator.," already described." That it was cut by Wm. Wyon of London
will explain its having been appropriated as their own by English numismatists.

Dr. Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie (1783-1862), of London.

608. Obverse. Head to left. Inscription, at right; brodie Exergue: w.

WVON. B. A.

Reverse. A pillar entwined by a serpent ; upon its base, in relief, Aesculapius
seated, with his st^ ; above, a cock, surmounting an antique lamp. This is lighted
by a nearly nude kneeling female, whose left hand rests upon a vase. Upon plinth,
at right : w. wyon r. a. Inscription ; e ■ tenebris ■ tantis ■ tam ■ clarum ■ extol-

LERE ■ LUMEN ' QUI ' POTUISTI ' ExCrgUC : CONSOCII ' ET ' DISCIPULI [ GRATULANTES |

UDCCCXLi Bronze. 45. 72 mm. Both thick and thin planchets.

Kluyskens, I, p. 154, fig. ; /did., Cat., p. 96, No. 51 ; Duisburg, p. 232, DCXI.

In the Government (Lee) and Fisher Collections, and my own.

Upon the original model, below the head, there was 1841, and the inscription
was : SIR BENJAMIN COLLINS BRODIE BART. An engraving of this, by Fairbaim,
" copied by permission and dedicated by Mr. Wyon to the Committee of the Brodie
testimonial," is in the Library of the U. S. Surgeon General's Office at Washington.

609. Obverse. Head, to left. Behind: brodie. Upon neck: j(ohn) w(odd-
HOUSE, of Dublin).

Reverse. A laurel wreath. Bronze. 32. 50 mm.
Frazer, loc. cit., VIII, p. 190.

There is thought to be but one specimeo in existence. It is in the collection of
Dr. Wm. Frazer, of Dublin.

Dr. Sir William Browne (1692-1774), of London.

610. Obverse. Bust, to left Inscription, in two partial circles: D. gulielmus

BROWNE EQUES. J NAT. HI. NON. JAN. A. J. MDCXCII. Legend : ESSE ET VIDERL

Reverse, Apollo, seated, with lyre, extending wreath to kneeling figure in doc-
tor's gown and cap, who holds roll of parchment. Legend : sunt sua praemia laudi
Exergue : electus coll. mbd. | lond. praesbs a. s. | hdcclxv. Gold, bronze. 22.
34 mm. If, as reported, the a. j. upon obverse and a. s. upon reverse are correct, they
may be presumed to stand for anno jesui and anno salvatoris, respectively.

Ruppell, 1876, p. 78; Grueber, English Personal Medals from 1760, Numismatic
Chronicle, VIII, 1888, p. 257.

In ^e Government (Lee) and Fisher Collections. Prize Medal at University of
Cambridge for Greek and Latin odes and epigrams.

Mr. Alexander Bruce (1842-69), of London.

611. Obverse. Bust, to left, three-quarters facing. Inscription; alex. brucb

ALVMN. EGR. OB(IIT). APR. 1S69 ANNO AET. 27

Reverse. Within laurel wreath : awarded | to At base : l c wyon Inscription :

FOR proficiency IN SURGERY AND PATHOLOGY. UNIVERSITY OF LONDON Gold. 27.

43 mm-

Memorial prize at University College, founded by his mother. I owe its descrip-
tion to Arthur H. Lyell, Esq., of London, through Dr. W. O. Priestley.

I Reeve Cat., Sothet^ & Wilkinson, London, 13-13 founder of the price Dedal, and not of the medical

Ha^, i8j8. No. 416. college. The error that was seemingly conveyed may

a The joumal, Janaary, 1801, p. 76, No. 140. The account for the medal being no longer conferred.
noiAJimdatvr wa* here u«ed in its limited senae aa

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1893.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 85

Dr. William Buchan (1728-1805), of London.

612. Gold- From Catharine II of Russia, for his work on Domestic Medicine.
Its description has thus far failed me.

The Buchanan medal of the University of Glasgow is not medical, as might per-
haps be supposed from the distinguished physician of that name.
Dr. James Burnes (1801—1862), of Bombay,

613. Obverse. Bust of Dr. B., as Provincial Grand Master. Inscription : fratr

INSIG. ET DILEC. JACOBUS BURNES FUNDATOR.

Reverse. A Parsee and a Mohammedan, clothed with the apron and ribbon of
the Order, and each holding a small banner in his hand. Near them a little altar, on
which two books and a gavel. Upon it: lodge rising star at Bombay. Inscrip-
tion: FOUNDED FOR THE RECEPTION OF NATIVE GENTLEMEN. DECEMBER 1 5, 1843.

Near this : from the native brethren of rising star to the r. w, bro. jas.

BURNES, K. H. DEC. I6. 1844. 27. 44 mm.

Marvin, Medals of the Masonic Fraternity, p. 194, CCCCLXXXI (who has 1845,
following Merzdorf's Die Denkmunzen der Freimaurerbruderschaft, Asia, I, p. 123).

614. Obverse. Head, to left. b. wyon sc. Inscription ; jacobo burnes indiam

RELINQUENTI MDCCCXLIX

Reverse. Armorial shield. Inscription : academiae hontis rosarum fratres
LATOMi BOMBAiBNSES Silver. 28. 45 mm.

Cochran- Patrick, p. 167, No. 2, pi. XXXIII, fig. 2.

Presented by the Freemasons of Western India to the best scholar at the Mon-
trose Academy, In honor of Dr. Burnes, who was a native of Montrose, and a relative
of Robert Burns.

615. Obverse. Bust, to left. Beneath, w. wyon. r. a. Inscription as on obverse
of preceding. There is a discrepancy as to the die cutter.

Reverse, founded by the hasonic brethern {sic) of boubay to reward

HERIT AT THE BYCULLA SCHOOLS. 28. 45 mm.

Duisburg, Supplement 11, p. 28.

616. Obverse. As the last but one.

Reverse. A high boss in centre. Arms. Legend : nec aspera tbrrent ob
PATRiAU vuLNERA PASSi. Inscription: collegio medico grant, fratres latohi
BOUBAiENSES. Bronze. 28. 45 mm.

In the Fisher Collection.

PETER, THE " MINT BIRD."

On the Dollars of 1836, 183$ and 1839, and the nickel Cents coined in 1856, !s the por-
trait of an American eagle which was for many years a familiar sight in the streets of Phila-
delphia. " Peter," one of the finest eagles ever captured alive, was the pet of the Philadelphia
Mint, and was generally known as the " Mint bird." Not only did he have free access to every
part of the Mint, going without hindrance into the treasure vaults, where even the treasurer of
the United States would not go alone, but he used his own pleasure in going about the city,
flying over the houses, sometimes perching upon lamp posts in the streets. Everybody knew
hiro, and even ihe street boys treated him with respKCt.

The Government provided his daily fare, and he was as much a part of the Mint estab-
lishment as the Superintendent or the Chief-coiner. He was kindly treated and had no fear of
anybody or anything, and he might be in the Mint yet if he had not sat down to rest upon one
of the great flywheels. The wheel started without warning, and Peter was cau^t in the ma-
chinery. One of his wings was broken, and he died a few days later. The Superintendent
bad his body beautifully mounted, with his wings spread to their fullest extent ; and to this day
Peter stands in a glass case in the Mint cabinet. A portrait of him as he stands in the case
was put upon the coins named. — [From Harper's Young People.

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86 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [April,

MEDALLIC MEMORIALS OF THE GREAT COMETS.

BY THE LATE DAVID L. WALTER.

We take pleasure in giving to our readers the concluding portion of the interesting series
of articles by the iate Mr. David L. Walter, on the Medals of the Great Comets, which has
been found among his papers, — although it does not include some notes which he had
gathered, with the intention of completing his descriptions.

Several correspondents have called my attention to many alleged varie-
ties of the pieces described by me and others, bearing stars, etc., described in
the works of various authors, even in those I quote from. I can but repeat
what I have said that I reject as fictitious "ali ill-described or imaginary, or
not found in Cohen, Babelon or Morelli," and have found nothing new while
this treatise has been under publication. If I wished to put in aJl pieces of
Caesar, Antony, etc., bearing a star, the list would include not tens but
hundreds. There are descriptions of many which have simply a star (not a
comet) in one of the volumes of the Revue Beige de Numismatique.

My No. Ill I now have in white metal, and do not think it cast.

THE COMETS OF 1618. (B.)

7. Obverse. Within the inner diamond-shaped enclosure the Comet going South-
west (on coin) amid clouds ; underneath, below the line of the horizon, anno j6i8 |
I'g. NO + Legend between outer and inner lines on the four sides. " offensi •
NUMiNis * ASTRUM * ARDET + (The Star of an offended Deity is glowing.)

Reverse. Within an inner diamond enclosure, the sun in full splendor over a
city. Legend, . prvdenter • * ambvlate * sicvt ♦ iw sole* (Walk prudently as
in the light of the sun). Silver, Klippe. Size 36 mm.

This beautiful medal is in the collection of Dr. Josef Brettauer, of Trieste,
Austria. Dr. Brettauer, to whom I am indebted for this and other favors, sent
me a very fine copper-foil impression, from which my description is made.

There is something about it which makes me believe or rather imagine it
is not of the period — not modern, but not so old as its date. The letters,
though correct in form, are too neat and clear cut, as is the whole execution,
and though the type and idea are appropriate to its date, yet the workmanship
is almost too good. Still, Dr. Brettauer regards it as of the period, and has
the original to judge from. It is in all probability unique.

Dr. Brettauer has also a small engraved medal bearing the comet, with
ins, ANNO 1618-19 NO. and reverse a ram? and the legend above c. p. I at-
tach no importance or interest to engraved pieces, and do not number it.

The ages pass, the generations are gathered to their fathers, but these
little metallic tablets are still here to tell their story of these forgotten times,
though the kings and potentates whose deeds they recite are now but historic
shadows ; the events they so pompously commemorate are now deemed only
worthy of a line or two in some musty chronicle, and all those who im-
pressed upon them {as we now think, so quaintly) the fears and hopes and
superstitions of their time, have long since discovered their little wisdom and
much error, as in later and perhaps wiser ones, others shall, in their turn, dis-
cover ours in the presence of the Everlasting Truth.

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i893-] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 87

THE POPE'S BULL AGAINST THE TURK AND THE COMET.

The Mussulmans, with Mahomet at their head, were besieging Belgrade, which
was defended by Huniades, sumamed The Exterminator of the Turks. The Count of
Halley appeared and the two armies were alike seized with fear. Pope Calixtus III,
struck with the general terror, ordered public prayers to be offered up, and launched
a terrible anathema against the Comet and the enemies of Christianity. He insti-
tuted the prayer called the Angeius Domini, the use of which still continues

The Franciscans, without arms, crucifix in hand, appeared in the foremost ranks of
the defenders, invoking the exorcism of the Pope against the Comet, and turned against
the enemy the divine anger of which no man at that time doubted.

THE EXHIBITION OF THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC AND
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

At different times during the last year the American Numismatic and
Archaeological Society, of New York, have had under consideration the expe-
diency of making an exhibition of Coins and Medals at the Columbian
Exposition at Chicago. A committee was appointed to consider the matter,
and for a time it seemed probable that the plan of making such an exhibition
would be carried out. It was thought by some who had the matter in mind,
that a display of coins and medals of historic interest, which would in some
degree show the condition of the art of mintage in ancient times as contrasted
widi that of modem days, would be a valuable means of educating popular
taste, and aid in the advancement of the science. The superior skill of the
old engravers, which produced the gems of ancient coinage, and the mechan-
ical perfection in striking them, the evolution of modern attainments, when
brought together side by side, and freely offered to the inspection of students
of numismatic art. as they would be in such an exhibition, could not but be
of service in elevating the standard of artistic perfection, which apart from
mere mechanical conditions, has so sadly deteriorated.

Various obstacles intervened; many owners of choice pieces were, at
■first, unwilling to expose them to the danger of injury or possible loss; they
were reluctant to place them out of their possession for so long a time; but
their consent was finally obtained. Unexpectedly, however, a lack of sym-
pathy with the objects of the Society in making such an exhibition, or an
ignorance of the benefits to be derived, made the Chicago authorities indif-
ferent to the plans of the New York committee.

The Society had intended to give what would have doubtless been the
finest display of the kind ever made in America, and with the facilities which
it possessed in the Cabinets of its membership, — some of which are rich in
Ancient coins, others in Historical Medals, others in Personal Medals, and
others still in Medieval and Modern coins, and in various other departments
of Numismatics, — this would have been easy. It was also contemplating
the sending of an expert to Chicago to give to visitors to the Exposition such
explanations as might be desired, and it asked for only twelve feet square for
its use. It is difficult to understand why the proposition of the New York
Society did not at once receive, not merely the favorable consideration of the

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88 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [APRm

Chicago authorities, but their hearty co-operation ; yet after evasive replies
and tedious delays, the New York committee discovered that, as one of the
newspapers puts it, " the Chicago Managers concluded that old Postj^
Stamps were more interesting than old coins and medals," and the Society
accordingly withdrew its offer.

But the committee had found their own interest increase as the plan was
further considered. They saw that such an exhibition was not only feasible,
but could not fail of being of great value to numismatists, as well as attractive
to those who had little if any knowledge of the subject ; and it was finally
decided to hold an exhibition in the Rooms of the Society, in the building of
the New York Academy of Medicine, at No. 17 West 43d Street. This Com-
mittee, consisting of several of the officers of the SiDciety, Messrs. William
Poiilon, Bauman L. Belden, Charles H. Wright, and others, devoted them-
selves with energy to their task, and the exhibition was a pronounced success.
It was held on the afternoon and evening of April 25, and the visitors were
welcomed by a large Reception Committee, among whom we notice the names
of Augustus St. Gaudens, Robert Hewitt, Richard H. Lawrence, Russell
Sturgis, Felix Adler, and many others of distinction in the Society, as well
as prominent in the world of art.

The Society's Cabinet includes upwards of twelve thousand coins and
medals. The Cabinet of Mr. Daniel Parish, Jr., the President of the Society,
is extremely rich in historical medals ; other members have devoted their
attention to various special branches, such as the Tokens of the Civil War
and the like — Mr. Edward Groh, one of the Founders of the Society, having
gathered about eight thousand of these mementoes ; Mr. Poiilon, one of the
Vice-Presidents, at one time had perhaps the largest collection of Masonic
Medals in the country, which afterwards passed into the hands of Gen. Samuel
C. Lawrence, of Boston. Others have collected Lincoln Medals, Columbus
Medals, German Crowns, and rare Italian, Spanish and Papal Medals. From
these materials it will at once be seen that the Exhibition must have been, as
all who were there unite in declaring it was, a complete and triumphant suc-
cess, and one which must be considered as a notable event in the history of
American numismatics.

We congratulate our friends of the American Numismatic and Archaeo-
logical Society on having marked the Columbian year with such a superb
gathering of coins and medals, and can only express our astonishment at the
neglect of their endeavors which was shown by the Chicago authorities. To
have included such an exhibition, as was here displayed for a few hours in
New York, among the other attractions of the Columbian Exposition, would
indeed have been a revelation to some foreign numismatists, who have been
too apt to suppose that the attention of American collectors has been devoted
almost entirely to die varieties of Colonial Coppers and United States Cents.
They would have learned that though our opportunities for securing the gems
of ancient art are exceedingly restricted, we have among us intelligent and
appreciative students, whose knowledge and judgment of the value of the
best works of the Greek and Roman period, of the Renaissance, and of more
modern times, will bear comparison with those of kindred tastes and attain-
ments abroad. Certainly the New York exhibition, brief as it was, demon-
strated this fact to all who were privileged to examine it.

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1893.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS.

SOME THINGS ABOUT ALUMINUM.

At various times, for several years, medals and occasionally trial pieces have
been struck for experimental purposes in aluminum. When the metal was worth
I15.00 an ounce, as it was when Deville showed as a modern chemical wonder a bar
of what he styled "silver-white metal made from clay," the time seemed very distant
when it would be available for practical purposes, and the pieces struck in aluminum
sold almost as high as if they had been made of gold; this was prior to 1857. It had
long been known that it was one of the most widely distributed metals, but the diffi-
culty was to extract it cheaply ; and to discover a process by which that result could be
attained was a problem long and carefully studied by chemists. Oersted suggested the
" method of treating the chloride with an alkali metal." This method, adopted by
Woehler, and modified by Deville, led to the process of a "reduction of the double
chloride of aluminum and sodium by means of metallic sodium in the presence of
cryolite." This was the method by which the first bar of the metal was obtained. In
1857 the inventor of this process reduced the price of the product to $2.00 an
ounce. Further improvements were made, and Col. Frismuth who, in 1884, cast the
tip of the Washington Monument in aluminum, was enabled to offer it at $15.60 per
pound. In that year, however, he made only 1,800 ounces, and the entire import of
the metal for the year was less than 600 pounds.

Prior to 1S87 the entire amount manufactured annually was but 10,000 pounds,
and previous to 1888 it brought $10.00 per pound. To obtain even this small quantity
required the annual manufacture of 100,000 pounds of the double chloride, and 40,000
pounds of sodium. It was essential to cheapen these two preliminary processes, in
order to secure the production at a price which should make it available for general use.

The first patent in the United States granted for extracting aluminum was that
issued in June, 1886, to Mr. Hamilton Y. Castner. Its special feature was a cheap
way of getting sodium. From that time to the present, various improvements in the
processes have been constantly made, so that it is largely due to the skill of Mr, Cast-
ner and his assistants that aluminum has been placed on the market on commercially
practicable terms, and in a condition of almost perfect purity.

The only important rival of the Castner process, though a large number of other
methods have been tried with greater or less success, is that known as the Hall process,
based on the patents of Charles M. Hall, and carried on by the Pittsburg Reduction
Company, which is now selling aluminum at a rate cheaper than nickel. It is said that
the Scoville Manufacturing Company are rolling tons of the metal into sheets, bars,
rods, and tubing, at a price less than German silver.

Aluminum, whether pure or in combination, deserves to rank with the noble
metals, although in certain forms it makes the basis of our common clay, every cubic
yard of which is said to contain 800 pounds of the metal ; in other forms it is massed
in mountains ; and in others still, it shines among the most precious stones, entering
into the composition of the ruby, sapphire, topaz, garnet, lapiz-lazuli, and tourmaline.

Cryolite found in Greenland, and beauxite, first found at Beax, in France, but
since in Austria, Ireland and elsewhere, are the ores relied on for the manufacture of
aluminum. Cryolite is a snow-white mineral, though often tinged red or yellow by im-
purities, Beauxite is a hard white clay, occurring in beds many feet thick. Corundum,
found in Georgia, is the material relied on in America especially for making the alloys.
It varies from dull blue to black, and exists in massive form, as well as in crystals. The
cost at the factory of these different minerals varies from $60 to $140 a ton.

The properties of aluminum are now generally known. Its color is white deli-
cately tinged with blue, and it resembles silver more than any other metal. It takes a
brilliant polish, and may be rolled or forged as easily as gold or silver, and can be
beaten into very thin leaves. It can be pressed or stamped into all sorts of shapes, or
drawn into very fine wire. Its elasticity and tenacity are about the same as virgin
silver, but change greatly under the hammer. It is said to resist the graving-tool till
VOL, xxvii. 12

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90 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [April,

properly varnished, when it may be cut like copper. Its sonorousness is very curious.
Cast in bell form its sound is sharp, and not prolonged; but struck as a bar, it is re-
markably sweet, pure, and resonant. Its sound is resolved into two tones, related to
each other as are D and A. For a musical instrument, fine effects might be had from
a series of chromatic bars.

In estimating the relative cost of aluminum as compared with other metals, we
must take its specific gravity into the account. A bar of aluminum weighing i pound
would be about four times as large as a similar bar of silver, brass, bronze, tin, or iron.
Hence, at an equal price, aluminum would be four times as cheap as silver, but as it
now costs by weight only one-eighth as much, it must be relatively about thirty-two
times as cheap. In other words, the purchaser would find it economical to use iJumi-
nuro in preference to silver for every thing to which it is adapted. As a conductor of
electricity it equals silver, and is eight times better than iron, and as a conductor of
heat it excels any other metal known. Neither air nor water, hot or cold, affects it,
and it resists all acids except hydrochloric. It slowly yields to a mixture of salt and
vinegar with a result as harmless as clay itself. It does not seem to be affected by
saliva, perspiration or other animal agents. Hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, and carbon
do not affect it, but it is rapidly attacked by chlorine, fluorine, iodine, and bromine.
From the above observation aluminum does not seem to have an intimate analogy with
any other known metal, though Richards and WoehJer place it near to silicon and
boron in the carbon series.

Aluminum melts slowly at about 7CX)° C, without a flux, and its alloys have al-
ready been found of use in the mechanic arts, and various suggestions have been
offered looking to its use for the minor coins, for which its clearness, its lightness, and
freedom from corrosion seem to make it far more desirable than either copper or nickel.

The first article manufactured from pure aluminum was a rattle for the young
Prince Imperial of France, in 1856, the sonorousness of which was much admired. It
was next made into jewelry, medals, and inlaid work. Its extreme lightness led to its
being used for sextants, eye glasses, Of)era glasses, and the tubes of telescopes. It has
been found useful for the beams of balances, for delicate weights, and in the form of
fine wire for embroidery. Culinary articles made from it were to be seen at the Lon-
don Exhibition in 1862, for which it seemed admirably adapted on account of its light-
ness and immunity from corrosion. Experiments have been rapidly multiplied, under
the encouragement given by the increased cheapness of the metal, and a promising
field is opening to its use for many ornamental and useful purposes.

The aluminum industry is on a firm footing, both in Europe and America. There
have sprung up two distinct lines of manufacture ; the one a chemical process, and
the other strictly metallurgical. The former produces pure aluminum, and continues
to be a complicated process demanding skill and patience. The latter produces only
the alloys of aluminum, and has been made extremely simple by certain methods, but
for an account of these reference must be had to the various treatises upon the subject.
Its interest to the numismatist lies in the probability of its early use for subsidiary
coins.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

A TURKISH COLUMBIAN.

Hon. David P. Thompson, ex-Minister to Turkey, was asked by the Sultan to bring as a
gift to the President, as evidence of the good will between the two Governments, a superb and
artistically wrought gold medal, set with costly diamonds. It is commemorative of the four
hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America, and has pictured the Columbian caravels.
The medal is estimated to be worth $10,000, but Mr. Cleveland cannot, under our laws, take it
for his private property.

It is probable that this is only a " medal " by courtesy, being the work of the goldsmith
rather than the die-cutter and coining press, but the item is of interest as showing, that even
" the Sick man " has felt the spirit of the hour.

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1893.1 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 91

MASONIC MEDALS.

[Condnued from Vol. XXVII, p. 70.)

DCCCCXI. Obverse, Bust in high relief of San Martin; he wears a
military uniform, high collar with embroidery, which also appears on the edge
of the coat, which has four buttons ; a heavy epaulette on his shoulder and a
star on his breast ; below the truncation of the arm, in small letters, simon f.
Legend, on the left, le general and on the right, san martin. Reverse, An
equilateral triangle enclosing the letter g and surrounded by formal rays,
making a star of six points, which touch the edge of the Medal ; in the spaces
between the points are sprigs of acacia. No legend. Copper.' Size 29.

DCCCCXIL Obverse, On the centre of the field is a five-pointed star,
over which is the radiant sun, with human face. Below the star near the bot-
tom edge, a sprig of olive at the left, crossed by a torch, with flame at the
right, the intersections tied by a bow of ribbon. Inscription in a curving line
at the top, RESP .'. log .'. iberica .*. 7, and below the star, curving upward,
OR .". ESPANOL MADRID [Worshipful Lodgc Iberica, No. 7, in the Orient of
Madrid, Spain.] Reverse, Plain for engraving. Gilt metal. Size 17.'

DCCCCXIII. Obverse, On a field in a circle of dots, z. | ost-pr. | treue
Legend, above, loge wilhelm, and below, * bartenstein * [The True Lodge
William, of Bartenstein, East Prussia.] Reverse, On the field within a circle,
a tankard, handle at right. Legend, gut fur ein- glas bier [Good for one
glass of beer.] Brass. Size 14.'

DCCCCXIV. Obverse, b on the right and f on the left of an equilat-
eral triangle with z on its centre. Below, curving to the lower edge, b. z. f.
Reverse, Plain.* Brass. Size 8.

DCCCCXV. Obverse, The compasses extended on a scroll, and enclos-
ing a locomotive moving to left ; the head of the compasses is a six-pointed
star, on which is o ; on the left arm union ; on the right arm progres ; on the
scroll, VIS UNiTA fortior [United power is stronger.] Two right hands joined
surmount the compasses, just above the locomotive. Legend, r .'.□.• . des
VRAis AMIS de union & Du PROGRES REUNis, and below, completing the circle,
OR . ■ . DE bruxelle:s [Regular Lodge of True Friends of Union and Progress,
Orient of Brussells.J Reverse, An equilateral triangle, the field dotted and
bearing the tetragrammaton ; the triangle is placed on the centre of a star of
nine points of formal rays. The device is enclosed in a cable-tow of five
knots, tied with a sixth, the ends at the bottom. Legend within the cable-tow,
above, fete du centenaibe 29" j . ■ . 2' m . ■ . [Centennial celebration 29th
day of the second month, i. e. April.] Below, 5782-5882. Copper. Size 24.*

DCCCCXVI. Obverse, A triangular planchet ; the field is divided by
two lines drawn from the base parallel with the sides, making four compart-
ments; in the upper one, xi ; in the lower 17; in that at the left 58, and
in the other 90 (November [? or February] 17, 1890.) Legend on a border

I This is in the Lawrence collection. I have not the object Eor which it was struck. The position oE the
__^^,....u.., . .,.. .. ^__ ... ... .... ._j ^^ ._..._ .,_.._, .... ... ..

found what the Masonic connection of San Martin was. word JVtui on the Medal seems somewhat singular,

Jean Henri Simon, engraver to the King of Belgium, I, therefore, have some doubt as to the translation.

who died in 1831, issued a series of Medals on the illus- 4 This little token, in the Lawrence collection, was

tiious men of the Low Countries, and this may be his ver; likely struck for thesame purpose as the preceding,

work. by some German Lodge, but its name and location I

2 This is in the Lawrence collection, and like most have not ascertained.

of the Spanish Medals, is scarce. 5 An impression of this Medal is in the Lawrence

3 Bartenstein is a small town of East Prussia, on collection. That struck on the Semi-Cent ennial has
the Atle. The piece (in the Lawrence collection) shows been described under CCVIII.

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92 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [April,

in dead finish slightly raised, on the left, t . ■ . Es t . ■ . on the right, sz . ■ .
K . ■ . a . ■ . and on the base, ujpest k . ■ . [My informant reads these letters

TOKELETES ES TESTVERISEGHEZ SZABAD KOMUVESI . . . KELETEN. Whether the

reading of the first two words is exactly correct may be doubtful, but the
meaning is almost certainly The Perfect Lodge of the Brotherhood of Free-
masons, at the Orient of Neupest.] Reverse, On the field a lion couchant,
to left, before him is a book with the word Veritas [truth] on its open pages ; a
mountain in the background, over which the sun is rising ; its rays fill the upper
part of the field. The device is surrounded by a border, on the bottom of
which is IN HOC siGNO viNCES [In this sign thou shalt conquer.] The sides
are divided into small triangles. A loop at the top. Yellow metal. Length
of side, 28.'

DCCCCXVn. Obverse, A seven-pointed star of rays, with the All-
seeing eye in a triangle on its centre. Legend, on a raised circle, szabasag :
EGVENi-OSEG : testveriseg ; » [Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.] Reverse,
Within a wreath of acacia, open at the top and crossed and tied at the bottom
with a bow, are the square and compasses ; on the left arm of the square,
ALFOLD . szK □ . ' . J on the right arm, szolnok 1891.'. A loop at the top for
suspension. White metal.' Size 20.

In my efforts to ascertain particulars concerning these two Hungarian Lodges, I
had occasion to consult Abafi's " Geschichte der Freimaurerei in Oestereich-Ungarn,"
in which {ii, 57) I discovered that the Medal previously described by me under
DCLXVI was struck at Prague, Bohemia, on the occasion of opening an Orphan
Asylum by the Freemasons of that city, Sept. i, 1773, and not as supposed by the
Valenciennes Lodge to which it is attributed. w. t. Ji. M.

THE GROLIER CLUB EXHIBITION.

The Grolier Club of New York City, chiefly composed, we believe, of gentlemen
interested in the art of printing and bookmaking, has recently held an exhibition of
Medals, — many of them by French artists, whose work has hitherto been almost
unknown to our collectors. Several medallion portraits in very full rehef, by Ringel
d'lllzach, about one-quarter life-size attracted much attention. "The Critic" says: —

Those of Chevreul and Gambetta may be said to be, ntthio a limited circle, celebrated. A portrait
of Nathaniel Hawlhorne, full face, wu modelled expressly for the Club, and is done with less verve perhaps
than the other portraits, but very happily reproduces the spiritual expression of the author of " The Scar-
let Letter." The attempt lo introduce decorativelj' that celebrated initial and a little view of the Manse
is, however, a failure. It is plain that M. Ringel is not an ornamental designer, like his tno compatriots,
whose best work is in many cases on the reverse of their medals. It is wonderful what varied, graceful
and appropriate designs Chaplain makes out of the conventional genii, nymphs, Apollos, wreaths, lyres
and other accessories. Even with such material as a palette, an oak-branch, an easel and a liook, he
arranges a composition that reminds one of what Vollon does in another FfHre. This is the reverse of a
portrait. Jean Paul IJtureas, painter. Mr. Zographas, Greek banker, has his business and his aatiooality
neatly symbolized by a bee-hive placed under an oUve-tree ; and Gambetta's death is commemorated by an
overturned oak-tree whose roots extend under the altar of the &therland. Roty's plaque for the French
Alpine Club has a nude genius plucking a spray of edelweiss at the verge of a glacier, and his beauty is
such that we at once see him to be a genius (though without wings) and no mere shivering mortal.
Among Roty's portraits are those of M. Mounet Sully, Dr. L.eoD Gosselin, M. Chevreul, and Mme.
Bouciaut of the Bon March^.

I This recent Hungarian Masonic, which has not

been previously described, is in the Lawrence collection, have been able to find, doc

I have not been able to find with certainty whether it Szolnok. The word Alfiild literally means " lower."

should be attributed to the Lodge Vilagossj^of Ujpest, Whether it has a different signification Masonically I

or as it is otherwise called, Neupest. The date 1 take do not know, sz k are explained on the previous

to be that of foundation. Medal. It may possibly be understood " The Masonic

z Stolnok is a Hungarian market town on the Lodge al Lower Szolnok," but I have not been able lo

Theias, aboat fifty miles south-east of Pest. This is a get a reliable translation.

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1893.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 93

ANOTHER DOLLAR OF 1804 (?)■

A SOMEWHAT languid interest has been aroused among Boston dealers and
collectors by the reported discovery of a Dollar with the date of 1804. A large board
announcing that such a Dollar has been lately purchased, for which the sum of $i,20O
was paid, as the advertisement declared, attracted public attention by those who
passed the building now in course of construction opposite the Boston Post Office.
Several newspaper articles have also appeared, giving an account of the piece, but with
numerous errors as to the number actually known, and their present owners. The
history of this coin, as given in the Boston Evening Transcript, shows that it is said
to have been found by Mr. John F. Whitley, of Taunton, Mass., among his father's
possessions, soon after his death. The Boston dealer who happened to hear of it,
offered ji,ooo for the piece, which was refused, but a subsequent offer of f 1,200 made
him its owner, and the account says it was bought for a New York party.

The contributor to the Transcript speaks of twelve as known to the purchaser,
which are probably the twelve given in the list in the Journal for April, 1891. To
these must now be added one mentioned in the Transcript's article, as having been
purchased in 1889, "by Dr. Edward Walther, of St. Paul, Minn,, from an old Norwe-
gian settler, who had long treasured it in a stocking," which he obtained forjSiso.
The one recently found, if the above statement is true, is therefore the fourteenth ;
still another, says the article, was bought by " a man named S L. Cohen, .... some-
where in Tennessee, for ^150." We are inclined to believe that the writer has con-
fused this with the one numbered 1 1 in the Journal list, which now or recently
belonged to Mr. William B. Wetmore, of New York, and was previously owned by two
gentlemen of that name, viz. : Mr. Edward Cohen, of Richmond, Va., who took it " in
1865 over the counter," from whom it was bought by the late Col. M. J. Cohen, of
Baltimore. If this supposition be correct, and the piece lately found be genuine, on
which point we express no opinion, we now have accounts of fourteen, and not fifteen,
as might be inferred from the article cited.

The writer also mentions the accidental death of Capt. Hall, of the U. S. Secret
Service, and the story of the altered Dollar of 1806, which Capt. Hall is said to have
discovered, but which has no foundation whatever, there having been no Dollars struck
of that date, as was shown by a letter from Mr. E. L. Royal, Assistant Curator of the
U. S. Mint Cabinet, printed in the Journal for October, 1887. The remainder of
the article in the Transcript is amusing, but needs no further comment here, except to
say that it revived some of the " romantic " stories about these Dollars, and states that
"according to the Mint records 19,570 silver Dollars were coined ii) 1804." The Mint
records state nothing of the kind.

COIN SALES.

THE SPITZER SALE.

A VERY interesting sale nhich lias attracted the attention of all lovers of antique bric-a-brac, and of
some national institutions, has been progressing for some time in Paris. The lateness of the issue of the
present number of the journal enables us to refer to it briefly ; the sale was interesting to numis-
matists and archaeologists, embracing as it did coins, jewels, rings, objects in carved boxwood and
stone, works of art in rock crystal, jasper, etc., paintings, medallions, vases, and illuminated manuscripts.
The collection b one chiefly gathered we believe by Mr. Frederic Spitzer, and known as the Spitzer Col-
lection, and it was offered by the well known expert in such matters, Mons. Charles Mannheim, in Paris.
One of the New York [apers has had a representative present at the sale, and his reports, with illustra-
tions of some of the principal objects of interest, especially the vases, cups, and carvings, have appeared
almost daily in its columns. We have before us notes of tne sales on eight different days (only 3 portion
of the whole), which amount to nearly half a million dollars, the smallest being ^22,141, and the largest

THE CHAFHAN5' SALE.

The Messrs. Chapman sold In Philadelphia, on the lotb of May, the Cabinet of the late Nicholas
Petry, of Philadelphia. The auction was held at the rooms of Messrs. Davis & Harvey, and included
Greek, Roman, European and American Coins and Medals. Mr. Pelry died many years ago, and hit

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94 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [April

collection has been dejMsited in one of the Safe Deposit Companies' Vaults for nearly twenty yeare. The
rarities were a series of Massachusetts silver coins, a Granby copper, which, though poor, brought $27, a
rare Medal of Washington, by Conradt, of which but one other is known, a Quarter Dollar of 1827,
considered by the cat^guers an original, and an English Masonic. We note &e following prices : a
Crown of Edward VI, fa; a very fine Crown of Elizabeth, fao; Orford Half Pound of Charles I, I32.S0;
Hammered Shilling of Charles I, $8 ; Copper Half Penny of Anne, ^12.50, and a Farthing of the same
Queen. $14; Sixpence, South Sea Co., George I, (115; Double Real of Ferdinand and Isabella of Sp^n,
$S ; Four Real piece of Philip V, for Mexico, (7.35. In the Massachusetts series a Willow Tree Shilling
in fair condition, (13 ; Oak Tree Shillings, seven in all, brought about (So, including one dipped and
only fair which sold for >3. The smaller denominations brought equally good prices: a Sixpence, tl9;
Threepence, (7.50, and Twopence, $3-75 ; Pine Tree Shillings ranged from l7.5o to (33, — from which
it will be seen that they were nearly all good specimens, — a Sixpence, $9.25. and Threepence, $2.25. A
singular SO-Cent piece in Feuchtwanger's metal, with arms of I'hiladelphia, very rare, and of which the
Cauloffuers were unable to name the authority by which it was issued, brought $13. Medal in pewter.
" Washington the Great D. G." though in poor condition, all the letters not showing, brought $19. Of
American Coins, a Dollar of 1795, very fine, $12; Half Dollars, 1794, $16.50] two of 1795. {13 each ;
1796, very good, bold, $65 ; 1797, extra rare, $54; 1801, extra fine, fai. The early Quarters sold well,
the very rare 1827 fonly five genuine known), v. g., but taken from circulation, was bid in at (150.
There were many otner pieces we should like to quote, but must refrain. A California {50 piece, octazon,
Moffat issue, brought $102, and several others of the early private Gold issues high pnces, including
Colorado, Mormon, and Oregon mintages. A silvered, as issued, " Hard-Times" Jackson (1834), tio.50;
the rare Coniadt's Washington, $40, was secured by Mr. I. F. Wood. We have only further to speak
of Lot 760. the English Freemasons' Hall Medal, in silver (Marvin 329). which sold for $16. The
Messrs. Chapman are so uniformly careful that we were surprised to read the following: "M»tv\a inetv 0/ it
only in lead ivitlwut ricipienCs name (which is neatly engraved in on this MedS in the blank space
assigned to it^." The only objections we have to this comment, are t, that Marvin did not know of it
in lead, mentioning under hb 329 that the [first] specimen he saw was in white metal, and on page 207
that it was struck in silver ; and 2, that he did not know it without recipient's name. Otherwise the
comment in the Catalogue is correct. The die has a blank space for name, as described both by Marvin
and Chapman, and on the same page with his description Marvin gives the names of two recipients,
while on page 297 he refers to an authoritjr which gives the names of 36 Lodges, and says there were
eighty-two gentlemen whose names were similarly inscribed ; this piece has " Mubomc West, Esq." As
we have seen it stated that the possession of this Medal gave a seat and a vote in the Grand Lodge of
England, it would have been most extraordinary if one uninscribed had been allowed to be issued. It
may be of interest to mention here that the present owner of the first piece described by Marvin, believes
it IS silver, though it has only a dull " ring." The Sale must be regarded as very successful.

FROS SARD'S SALE.

April 18 and 19, Mr. Frossard sold in Leavitt^s New Art Rooms, New York, a collection of 1000
American and Foreign Coins and Medals, including quite a number of the Canadian restrikes, with Paper
Money (State and Confederate), Numismatic Books, etc., chiefly from the collection of Mr. E. S. Phillips
of Bridgeport, Conn. The pieces brought fair prices, considering the dullness of the season, and the
character of the collection, which did not contain a large number of rarities. We quote the following ;
Among the Ancient coins a Didrachm of Aegina brought (4.10 ; a Tetradrachm of Macedonia, Alexan-
der the Great, 6; "Baal-Tars" Persia, 5.70; the Franco-American Restrikes, indicated by the name of
the metal incused on the edge, mostly in Mint state, ranged from 85 cents to 2.75 ; Lageman's Medal of
Franklin, silver, size 25, and v. r. 7; Washington Benev. Soc., silver, scratched, 5.10; the Lincoln
by Sigel (A. N. & A. Soc.'s), 5.25 ; Grant, by Hi^;ues Bovy, 7 ; Erie Canal, in bronze, 12.75 i Crown
of Christian VII for Greenland, 13 ; Sword Dollar of James VI of Scotland, 10.25 i Silver Penny of the
Isle of Man. 1758, 16; Dollar of 1836. 8.65; Half Dollar of 1794, f. and r., 8; Oak Tree Shilling
(Crosby, PI. I. No. ii)> i3-5i3; [perhaps a hau dozen pieces or so in addition to the above brou^t S5, or
upwards, but the above are all which attracted our notice. The Catalogue was prepared by Mr. Frossard.

PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES.

THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
We have received a handsome volume containing the Proceedings of the Ameri-
can Numismatic and Archaeological Society of New York. This gives the Proceedings
at the Annual Meetings from 1888 to 1892, both inclusive, arranged and paged sepa-
rately, so that should anj^ one desire, the Proceedings for each year may be separately
bound. Each has an Obituary Notice of the Members deceasetf during the year undei
notice, and a statement of the financial condition of the Society, with its Membership,
from which it is clear that the Society continues to enjoy a marked degree of prosperity.
The volume has also a very full and interesting Historical Sketch of the Society, with
an Artotype plate showing the Medals which have been struck by order of the Society,

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i893-] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 95

followed by a List of the names of all the Members, — Honorary, Corresponding, Life
and Active, — including all who at any time have been connected with it, the time of
their election being given : those who have deceased are shown by the usual symbol.
This was prepared by Mr William R. Weeks, the Historiographer. The volume closes
with an account of the Papers read before the Society at its Numismatic and Archaeo-
logical Meetings, which evidently make a very pleasant feature of the Society's work.
The Society, while chiefly designed to advance the study of Numismatics, devotes an
occasional evening to the local History of New York. Several of the papers are given
in full, and among them we notice two very valuable contributions from Mr. Bauman
L. Belden, one on the Coins of Annam, and the other on the Queer Shaped Coins of
Asia — Chinese, Corean, Japanese, etc. The volume contains nearly 200 pages.

THE NUMISMATIC AND ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY OF PHILADELPHIA.

The Volume of the Proceedings of this Society for 1890-91, has lately reached
us. It is a volume of 130 pages, and besides the Lists of Officers, Members, Donors,
etc., it has many of the Papers read before the Society at its Meetings, several of them
very fully illustrated with engravings. Among the valuable contributions to the
sciences to which its attention is chiefly devoted, we may mention these on Enigmas
in American Archaeology ; The Prehistoric Coppersmiths of Wisconsin ; Weights and
Scales among some American Tribes ; Copper Implements near Betterton, Md. ; Cer-
tain Daphnae and Naukratis Symbols ; Inscriptions from Easter Islands, and several
others of antiquarian interest. Dr. Daniel G. Brinton, the President of this Society,
is well known as one of the profoundest students and probably the highest American
authority on American Antiquities, especially those relating to the language and cus-
toms of the early Mexican and Central American peoples.

BOOK NOTICE.

Annals of the Nova Scotian Currency. By Robert Wallace McLachlan. (Reprinted
from the Transactions of the Royal Society, Canada.) Quarto, 38 pages.
This paper, communicated to the Society by Dr. Bourinet, at its meeting on June 1, i$97,
has now been printed in the Society's Transactions, and is a valuable contribution to the subject
which it discusses. Mr. McLachlan is well known to our readers as a careful and painstaking
smdent of Canadian Numismatics, and in the brochure now before us, he has added much in-
formation to this branch of the science. He supplements his paper by printing the various
Acts of the Province and the Dominion hearing on the subject from 1758 to 186S, together
with the correspondence of the Provincial authorities on the several importations of copper
coins, etc., and closeswith descripdons of upwards of 140 pieces — Coins, Medals, Tokens,
etc. — relating to Nova Scotia. Included among these are 69 Communion Tokens, a number
of which we do not remember having seen previously described. These tokens are also
accompanied in many instances by historical notes on the Churches and their Pastors, which
add much to the value of the work.

ARCHAEOLOGY.

ANCIENT AMERICAN POITERY.

There is somewhat of a resemblance in many of the stone implements all over the world.
It is only recently that it has been discovered that there is a resemblance in much of the pottery
of this early age, especially in the coil pottery. This pottery was made by rolling clay into long
strings like cord, and while soft, beginning with one end to coil it round and round, increasing
the size of the bottom till it assumed the desired dimensions, then shaping it up the sides (just
as straw hats are made) till the acquired form and size was attained. The most extraordinary
part of the investigation is that this ware, made in the same manner, is found in the mounds of
Florida and Ohio, in the cliff-dwellings of New Mexico and Arizona, in the buried cities of the
ca&ons of these Territories, as well as in the Connecricut valley and under the ancient shell-
heaps of Cape Cod, Mass. What a long period of time it must have taken to have this art
disseminated over so vast a territory at this early age I

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96 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [ApRm 1893.

According to the uses these pots were intended for, so were they made large or small,
thick or thin, and in various shapes. It was a common practice to use some sharp instruments
to dint or work up some fanclEuI designs without obliterating the lines of the coil ; in some
cases they are beautifully marked, looking like a carved black oak ; others made of light-colored
clay in very tine coils prettily indented, formed neat designs. Some of the best ware is hand-
somely smoothed and rubbed to almost a polished surface before baking. All are smoothed
inside ; probably some of those intended to withstand heat have plumbago mixed in the inner
surface of the vessels. There are many fanciful designs of this ware, some very lai^e jars, pots
of all shapes, bowls, cups, pitchers, etc. — [Henry Hales, in Scierue.

MOUND builders' COFFIN.

In exploring a mound on his farm near Dallasburg, Ohio, a short time ago, Mr. Eltzroth,
the owner, came across a clay coffin, some three feet two inches in length and nine and one-half
to ten and one-half inches across. The coffin was made of the ordinary yeilow clay of that
section, and had been molded like brick. The inside was lined with a white or grayish material
like soapstone. The middle was covered with a flat stone, and the ends with bark. All that
was found in the coffin was black dust, perhaps several handfuls ; not a bone was discovered,
although at a short distance were found the skeletons of three adults, and not far away the
bones of buSalos.

This remarkable coffin was about six feet beneath the summit of a mound, which is six
feet high, seventy-five feet wide and ninety long. A cross section over the narrow way, about
six feet wide, has been cut. The rest of the mound will be cut down for further discovery.
This is thought to be the first discovery of the kind in North America, and it will be of great
interest to students of prehistoric remains.

The coffin has been broken, and it may be impossible to get the fragments together. In
case it can be done, it will be exhibited at the World's Fair.

EDITORIAL.

On a previous page we have given some account of the recent Exhibition held by the
American Numismatic and Archaeolt^cal Society in New York. A letter from Mr. Drowne, the
Secretary, received since that was printed, informs us that with but few exceptions " all the
articles in the exhibition belonged to the Society." About 800 persons showed their interest
by their presence.

In this connection we have waited with some interest to see what reception the proposal
of a prominent numismatic firm in London, met with from the Chicago Directors. They offered
to show a very interesting collection — the finest assortment of English Medals that has yet
been formed, numbering over 3,000 specimens in the various metals, dating from the Norman
conquest to George II, 1760, including between two and three hundred not in the British
Museum collection. Among them were to be more than 130 gold pieces, many of which were
said to be unique, a gold medal commemorating the capture of Louisburg, and others of his-
toric interest to Americans. The value of the Medallic portion was set at {75,000, and there
was included In the offer a minor collection of coins, foreign (to England) medals and war
medals. This could not but be of interest, and if this was accepted and that of the New York
Society treated with indifference, it is hard to suggest a satisfactory explanation. The exhibi-
tion of two such collections — the English and American — if shown as at first proposed, would
unquestionably have been of the highest value to n

CURRENCY.

It becomes harder and harder for the proprietor of a Columbian fifty-cent piece to tell
just what his cash capital is. — Washington Star.

" Hard pressed for money." The production of the Mint

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CATALOGUES.

We have to aanoutice that new editions of our Catnlogues are in preparation.

The completeness and comprehensiveness of our various publications are too well known to render
any speciiil description of them necessary. We are, however, expending a considerable amount of time
and money in enlarging upon former editions.

The 17th edition of our

COPPER CATALOQUE

is NOW READY. It contains upwards of 150 new illustrations specially prepared for this edition.
The many new coins which have appeared during the past two and a half years will be found accurately
noted. The English, French and German Colonies have been liberally supplied, and in other ways a
much larger field has been covered than ever before attempted in a sale catalogue.

The native names of countries, etc , will be found with the corresponding English. The old
nnmes of places are given, together with tlie new ; also those which appear in Latin, and some are
shown on tlie coins in no other f.irm. Monograms have been noted and a table of them is furnished,
thus making recognition of many coins of the German States of the r6th to iStb Century an easy matter.
The Reigns of Sovereigns and those under whom coins were struck is given; also, in many cases.
the arms of the city or country, and the name of the Patron Saints, frequently the only means of
identification. The American Colonial, U. S., ami Canadian series have had particular attention, and a
simple and easily understood explanation of the " Heraldry of Coins" has been added, and a copious
Index.

Every collector or student, whether of long or short experience in the science, will find these cata-
logues of great utility, in fact almost afFording a small library in itself. Our new

GOLD AND SILVER CATALOGUE

will appear early in the coming autumn, containing changes and Improvements quite as extensive as in the
Copper edition.

PRICE 50 CENTS EACH.

We are also preparing a very exhaustive catalogue of

PAPER IVIONEY.

la addition to the Colonial, Continental, U. S. Fractional Currency and Confederate States issues, will be
given the mtisl complete list of BROKEN BANK BILLS known at various times as "Wildcat,"
"Red Dog," etc., that careful research of months has enabled us to obtain. There will also be a list
of private issues (which were commonly called "Shin-plaster," following the period of Hard Times).
It includes those uttered by merchants and individuals from the earliest period following the Continental
series to the close of the War of the Rebellion. The Hard Times period. 1834 to 1841, and the War
of the Rebellion issues (north and south) furnish a large portion
The nth edition of our

PREMIUIVI LIST

or prices we pay for certain American Colonial and U. S. Gold, Silver and Copper Coins, (with a
Canadian supplement), a COMPLETE LIST OF THE RARE DATES, is now ready. Many new
cuts are for the first time used in this edition, and the number of pages has been increased.

Send for our new 52 page circular, POCKET EDITION, with foil list of
cheap packets and sets, with much information regarding stock we keep and
our manner of doing business. Mailed free on application.

SCOTT STAMP AND COIN COMPANY, L'd,

18 East 23d Street, New York, N. Y.

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AMER I CAN
JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS

BULLETIN OF AMERICAN NUMISMATIC AND
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES.

QUARTERLY.

At nlhi plaudo

— Hor.. Sat. I, i,

VOL. XXVIII.
July, 1893 — July, 1894.

WILLIAM T. R. MARVIN,

Of the Boston Numismatic Society.

LYMAN H. LOW,

Of the American Numismatic and Archaboloc.ical Societv, New York.

EDI7VRS.

BOSTON:

PRESS OF T. R. MARVIN & SON,

M DCCC XCIV.

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CONTENTS.

A BeUe-Isle Med^

A New Coin suggested, ....
A WashingtoD Centeiuial Medal (N. J.), .
Afghanistan, Aodeot Coins found in
Ahlbora, Madame, Columbian Medal by . 32, 88
American Numismatic and Archaeological

Society's Columbian Medal, . . .53, 78

An Astronomical Medal 57

An Old New York Medal, ... 69, 101

An Old Wampum Belt 81

Another Issue of Postal Currency, . . 39

Anigo Prize, 102

Austro-HuDgarian Coins, New ... 24

Barcelona Columbian, . . . 98
Book Notices:
American Colonial History, Illustrated by

Contemporary Medals 106

Chalmers' " History of Currency In the

Brilbh Colonies," 26

Illustrated History of Coins and Tokens

relating to Canada 107

Proceedings, A. N. and A. Soc., . . 90
Trade Tokens issued in the Seventeenth

Century 25

Tradesmen's Tokens of the Eighteenth

Century, 25

Boston Columbian Medal. .... 9

Brasher, Ephraim, 29

British Bronze Coinage of 1892, ... 9

British Mint Report, Notes from . . . 16

Carson City Mint Coinage suspended, . 40

China, Numbmatics in 86

Coin Sales:

Chapman's 49, 103

Dreier Collection z8

Frossard's Sales, . , . .27, 74, 104

Graser and Oliver CoUections, ... 27

Grenny and Poillon Collections, . 50

Herman Sale, 37

Maris-Devlin Sale 74

Coin Sales :

Scott S. & C. Co's Sale, .

Stearns Collection, .

Stettiner Collection, .
Coinage of the Norman (Eng^h)

the Word " Pax," .
Columbian Half Dollars,
Columbus Medals, 7, 9, 33, 53, 65,
Congressional Medal of Honor,
Constellations on Coins,
Copper Coins of Portugal, New

Currency

Danish Columbian,

Dog Dollars,

Dollars of 1804,

Dupr6, Aug.

Du Vivier, Pierre Simon

Early State Copper Coinage,

Editorial 28, j

English Coins, New

Eoglbh Personal Medals,

English Wooden Money,

Exposition [French] Medal,

Franco-Russian Medal,

French Lincoln Medal,

Gatteaus, Nicholas Marie

Gettysburg Medal,

Gorham Company's Columbian Medal,

Greek Coins from the Gulf of Salontca,

Half Dollars, Columbian. .

Holtzhey, Joban Georg

Hull's Mint.

Isabella Quarter Dollars,

Italian Silver Money, .

James CoUection, .

Japanese Medal, .

Kashmere Rupee,

Legends, Some Curious

Lincoln Medal, French.

Lincoln Medal, Zearing's

■S>. 6*
i.89.98

69
:, 76, 108

48, 102
13. 63. 92

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS.'

Miisonic Medals, .... I7>4i.7i.93
MassoDcf s Columbian Medal, ... 7
Medals;
American Numismatic and Archaeological
Society's Columbian, . .53, 78, 108

Astronomical, 57, 74

BeUe-Isle 80

Canadian, 102

Columbus, 7, 9, 33, S3, 65, 78, 87, 88, 89, 98

Congressiooal-Honor 45

Converse, for Painters, etc., ... 100

Diplomatic, 28

Draper, 77

English Personal 64

Exposition, [French,] . . . . j8

Fianco- Russian, 75

Gettysburg 46

Japanese, . . ...

Lafeyette,

Lincoln, 39,

Masonic, 17, 4I, 71, 93

McCall 79

Medical 10, 35, 59, 82

President of Harvard, . . . . loi
Sodety of Colonial Wars, .... 49
Washington Centennial, .... 99
Wedding of the Duke of York, . 23

Wesleyan, 69, loi

Wbitefield, loi

Metals Proposed for Token Cdns, . . 8t

New Jersey Coinage 90

New York Wesleyan Medal 69

Notes and Queries:
Aacient Coins in Afghanistan, .

Canadian Medal

Constellations on Coins, ....

Dog Dollars, 102

Epbiaim Brasher,

Hudson Bay Tokens

John Hull's Mint 46, 102

Kentucky Coppers 102

La&yette Medal 73

Medal for President of Harvard, 101

Pine-tree ShilUng Mint, [See HuU's Mint.]
Smelling a Bank Note, ■ ■ ■ . 73
The Wesley Medal, . 69, 1 01

Notes from British Mint Report, ... 16

Ntimismatics in China,
Obituary;

Brette, Jules ....

Collier, Thomas S. . . .

Feuardent, Gaston L.

Heiss, Alois ....

Lovett, Geoige Hampden .

Thieme, Charles G. .

WaddingtoQ, Wm. Henry,
" Pax " on Coins, and its Meaning,
Portuguese Copper Coins, New
Postal Currency, Another Issue proposed
Proceedings Of Societies:

Amer. Numis. and Arch'l Soc.,
Protectioa of Coins, ....
Quarter Dollars, Isabella
Recent Columbus Medals, .
Recent Find at Valleyres, .
Revolutionary Medals, Engravers of
Richelieu and Varin Medals incorrectly

classed as American,
Roman Columbian Medal, .
Salonica, Greek Coins from Gulf of
Society of Colonial Wars, Medal of
Some Curious Legends,
Spanish Columbian Medals, ... 8, 33, 98
St. Gaudens and his Design, . . 76, loS

The Arago Prize, 102

The Converse Medal for Painters and Sculp*

tOT?, 100

The Draper Medal 77

The Engravers of the Revolutionary Medals, I

The McCall Medal, 79

The Medals, Jetons, and Tokens Illustrative

of the Science of Medidne, . 10, 35, 59, 82
The New English Coins,
To encourage Historical Study, .
Token Coinage, Metals proposed for
Turkish Columbian,
Valleyres, Recent Find at
Washington Columbian,
Whitefield Undescribed Medal, .
Wooden Money in England,
Wright, Joseph ....
York, Duke of, Wedding Medals,
Zearlng, Medals of Columbus and Lincoln,

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Two Dollars a Year, in Advance, l^"''

Pd.( Office, Btwon. al Second Clsa Riln.J Single Copies, 50 CtS.

Vol. XXVIII.— No. 2.]

[Whole No. 142.

AMERICAN
JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS

AND

BDI. I.F.TIN OF AMERICAN NUMISMATIC AND

ARCHyKOLOGICAL SOCIETIFS./^sjCr,; ?Ot77.\
/$> -_ ^^.

October, 1893.

BOSTON :
PUBLISHED QUARTERLY.

LYMAN H. LOW.
Ov TiiK American NiiMrsMATTC and ARCHAEOLOtiicAL Society, New York.

EDITORS.
SUBSURiniONS RECEIVED BY

DAMRELL & UPHAM,
283 WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON, MASS.
SCOTT STAME' AND COIN CO., L'd., i8 E, TWENTY-THIRD ST., NEW YORK CITY.
! S. H. & H. CHAPMAN,

1348 PINE STREET, PHILADELPHIA,

S1']»K ft SON, I GR.*CKLHURCH STREET, E. C, LONDON.

ROLLIN « FEfARl>KNT, 4 RUK I»E l.OUVOIS, PARIS,

ADOI.I'H E CAHN, NIEDENAU jj, FRANKFORT. A M.

). A. STAKOARDT, 3 DCSSAUKRSTRASSE, BERLIN, S, W.. GERMANY.

E(i(lFR BROS., I OPERNRINO, VIENNA, AUSTRIA.

All Communications to bf addressed lo W. T. R. Marvin, 73 Federal Street, Itoslon, Mass,

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CONTENTS.

The American Numismatic and Archsological Society's Columbian Medai, . jj

Some Curious Legends 55

An Astronomical Medal 57

Exposition Medals. 58

The Medals, Jetons, and Tokens Illustrative of the Science of Medicine, . . 59

Another r8Q4 Dollar, 63

English Personal Medals, 64

Columbian Half Dollars 64

Some Cplumbian Medals 65

The New Portuguese Copper Coins, 69

An Old New York Medal, 69

Masonic Medals, 7'

Notes and Queries; —

Smelling a Bank Note. — A Lafayette Medal. — Constellations on Coins, . 73, 74
Coin Sales: —

Maria-Devlin Sale. — Frosaard's November Sale, 74

Obituarv : —

Alois Heiss. — William Henry Waddington 75

Franco-Russian Medal 7S

Editorial 76

Currency, 76

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COLUMBIAN M:EDALS.

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AM ERICAN

JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS,

AND

Bulletin of American Numismatic and Archaeological Societies.

Vol. XXVIIl. BOSTON, JANUARY, 1894. No. 3.

THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC AND ARCH^OLOGICAL
SOCIETY'S COLUMBIAN MEDAL.

Another Columbian Medal has recently been issued, to swell the list
which commemorates the great voyager, and his discovery of a new world.
We infer from the fact that the reverse bears the seal of the American Numis-
matic and Archaeological Society of New York, that it was struck as their
contribution to the medallic records which mark the completion of the fourth
century since the little squadron from Spain arrived on the shores of the Western
continent. We believe it has long been in preparation, though the time of its
appearance is " the day after the Fair." In many respects it is very satisfactory.
We give an engraving (photogravure) of the Medal, in the illustration for
the present number of the yourttal.

The Obverse has a profile bust of Columbus to the left ; he wears the
peculiar cap of the period, which, however, is treated in a somewhat different
manner from the styles employed by the various artists who have designed its
predecessors ; his hair escapes from the band or edge of the cap, and falls in
thick, curling locks beneath it, upon his neck; under the truncation, TirMKva
CO., N. V. We think it an error of taste to have engraved upon the obverse, and
in this place, the name of a firm, instead of that of the artists who made the
design, and cut the dies for the Medal. If the firm name was to appear at all,
it seems to us that it should have been placed on the reverse, under the
wreath, perhaps, or in some less conspicuous place.

There is much to praise in the Medal ; the head is spirited, erect in poise,
the eye alert, and gazing steadfastly westward ; a nobility of mien, an inflex-
ibility of purpose, and a sturdy determination to accomplish his errand, mark
every line in his countenance ; while there is a serenity and confidence in the
expression of the face, which we do not remember to have noticed in other
Medals of this series; and there is a singular air of vitality about it, which
places it in advance of many of its competitors. Surely an artist capable of
designing and executing such a work was entitled to be known, and to have

VOL. XXVIII. 7

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54 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. IJakuary,

his name associated with an effort so successful ; not merely the Society, whose
insignia it displays, but the whole numismatic fraternity, wherever dispersed,
should know it ! The legend is, Christopher columbus gave a new world to
HUMANITY. By HUMANITY wc suppose mankind is intended, for certainly the
new world got but little humanity in return, from those to whom it was given.
The word is too ambiguous, and makes the legend almost satirical. A little
cross patee, placed near the milling at the bottom, seems unnecessary, Tlie
Medal would have been better without it.

The Reverse shows a wreath of olive, open at the top and crossed and
tied with a ribbon bow at the bottoin ; surmounting the lower portion of the
branch of the wreath is a little medallic representation of the seal of the
Society which issues it. The size of this, nine millimeters, we regard as much
too small, and its position inartistic, unfortunate and meaningless ; it should
have been at least fifteen millimeters in diameter, and if it had been placed
upon the junction of the stems, it would have been better. Within the wreath
is the inscription in six lines, after | four hundred | vears of progress |

FREE AMERICA 1 HONORS ITS | DISCOVERER.

The Medal is struck in red copper, bronze, gold bronze (which we hear
was a failure), and silver, and its size is seventy-seven millimeters, or forty-
nine, American scale.

Since the preceding comments were written, some further items of inter-
est concerning this Medal have become matters of common report ; what
foundation they may have we do not know, and give them without prejudice,
or in any way vouching for their accuracy. We are told that the artist who
made the model is a Mr. Whitehouse, and that the dies were engraved
abroad. The model, if our memory is correct, was shown in a plaster cast
at the interesting " Columbian Exhibition of Medals " held by the Society in
New York, some months ago, which was noticed in the youmai at the time.
As we know of but two machines in the country, that in the United States
Mint at Philadelphia, and the one owned by the Gorham Company, of New
York, adapted to reducing and cutting dies from an original model, it is very
likely that the current gossip that the dies were not by American workmen, is
correct. This would seem to be further confirmed by information from other
sources that this firm was unable to compete for the Columbian World's
Fair Award Medal now in preparation, by reason of a clause in the specifications
that the engraving of the dies and the striking of the Medals must be executed
in America, and unless the clouds clear, this Medal to which we have given
so much space, cannot pose as an American Medal. We should be glad to
know, for the sake of American numismatic art, that these rumors nave no
foundation.

THE MILAN MEDAL.

The dies of the so-called Milan Medal (both obverse and reverse), have
been re-cut to strike pieces of a smaller size, and a new obverse die with the
bust of the Discoverer only, (the symbolical figures omitted) has been en-
graved. This has Christopher at the left, and columbus at the right of the
head, in the field, and on an outer circle, hollowed, the legend, above, memento
of the world's fair, and below, * Chicago, 1893 • Th's obverse has been

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Struck with the reduced Milan reverse. Both this and the preceding are
size 36, and are found in bronze and white metal.

We begin, on a subsequent page of this number, a descriptive catalogue
of Columbian Medals prepared for the youmal by Mr. E. J. Cleveland, in
which the various Medals described above, and also those in preceding
issues, will be briefly mentioned for convenience of reference.

SOME CURIOUS LEGENDS.

It is interesting to notice how skillfully at times the designers of Medals
have adapted their legends from the classic authors and from Holy writ, to
the events, the memory of which they are intended to perpetuate. Any
attempt to catalogue these little sparkles of wit and wisdom would be almost
endless, and certainly very tedious, but a few of them may perhaps be noted
without wearying your readers. On the Medals, and on some of the coins
relating to America there are several instances. The piece of Louis, familiarly
known as the Gloriam regni, and the oldest Colonial, is one of the latter class.
The legend in full is gloriam • regni ■ tvi ■ dicent ■ (They shall speak of
the glory of thy Kingdom.) The passage occurs in Psalm CXLV (Vul-
gate), and was a flattering allusion to the power and glory of the French
" grand monar que" sit nomen domini benedictum (Blessed be the name of
the Lord), of frequent occurrence on the French coins of that period, is a
part of a verse in Psalm CXIII.

On the coins of Edward III, of England, we find a Latin text from Luke
IV : 30, — translated " But Jesus passing through the midst of them, went His
way." These words were regarded as having a talismanic power, which protected
the bearer in battle, and guarded him from the assaults of thieves. This motto
was also used by Henry VII, on one of his sovereigns, and later by Edward
VI. Another legend used by many English Kings, reads " I have set the
Lord as my helper," which seems to be an adaptation of the eighth verse of
Psalm XVI. Edward III, also used the opening words of the Sixth Psalm, —
" Lord rebuke me not in Thine anger," — and by a singular blunder in the
die some were struck with the negative omitted. Many other like examples
of Scriptural legends on coins might be cited, but the last we will mention is
that on the gold twenty shilling piece of Charles I, sometimes called exurgat
money from the first word of the Latin text, " Let God arise, and let His
enemies be scattered," the first verse of Psalm LXVIII ; but the invocation for
the safety of the King against those who sought to dethrone and execute
him, was in vain.

Among classic inscriptions or legends we find on one of the early Medals
relating to America, struck in 1599, "See what heroes the second Argo
carries." The verse from Virgil's Fourth Eclogue, commemorates the victories
of Van der Does off the Canary Islands, where the Dutch admiral is compared
to Jason : a similar allusion to the voyage in search of the golden fleece is
found on one of the Franco-American jetons of Louis XIV, which displays an
ancient galley, with a beaver's pelt at its mast-head, which is claimed to be not
less valuable than the golden [fleece.]

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56 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [January,

NON suFnciT ORBis, the boastful motto of Philip II, of Spain, used on
many of his Medals, and embroidered in golden letters on the drapery of the
vice-regal throne in San Domingo, is taken from the i68th line in Juvenal's
Tenth Satire.

When Sir William Phipps, after seeking the sunken Spanish treasure off
San Domingo, which he successfully recovered and thereby enriched himself
and his patrons, returned with his bullion to England, a Medal was struck (in
1687), which advised the reader of its legend "Let thy hook always hang" —
an encouragement to persevere, — the words of which are taken from Ovid's
Art of Love, ni, 425 ; and when Queen Anne's victorious fleet returned from
their battle at Vigo Bay, one of the Medals struck to commemorate the event
quoted from the Aeneid (xi : 54), "These are our returns and our expected
triumphs." Cicero's diatribe against the conspirator Catiline furnished a text
for one of the satirical Medals against John Law, and the classic myth of
Hercules dragging from his concealment Cacus who had stolen his cattle,
furnished the device for another.

On one of the jetons sometimes included among the Franco-American
series, — a cut of which has appeared in the youmal accompanied by some
comments from Mr. Geo. M. Parsons, but whose origin has never been satis-
factorily determined, I believe, — is a figure of Britannia, and an Indian typify-
ing America. The date the piece bears is 1755, a troublous time for the
Continental powers, and the legend is Neptune's abrupt exclamation, when
the winds have been released from the caverns of Aeolus and, instigated by
Juno, have nearly destroyed the ships of Aeneas. The words are, anglicized,
" It behooves me now to sooth the angry waves" (Aeneid, i : 135), a legend
used on more than one piece issued under similar circumstances.

Several Medals struck on the occasion of the change from the Julian to
the Gregorian calendar, and on the beginning of a new century, have the
legend, Novus nascttur ordo (a new order is born), from Virgil's famous
Fourth Eclogue, and certainly nothing more appropriate could have been
selected. On one of the mortuary Medals which appeared after the death of
the Earl of Chatham, was the touching passage from another Eclogue
(i: 24), Quis DESiDERio etc., "What limit can there be to our grief at his
loss ? "

The return to England in the last century, of the great explorer, Capt.
Cook, after one of his voyages around the world, was marked by his election
to membership in the Royal Society, and the striking of a Medal with a most
appropriate motto from Horace's Epistle to Piso (line 285), nil intentatuMj
etc., "Our [associates — poets in the original] leave nothing untried."

When Holland, resenting the treatment of the struggling American
colonies by the British Ministers, entered into a treaty of commerce with the
youthful republic, the Medal commemorating the event bore a portion of a
line from the Aeneid (vi : 620), which contained the sad warning of the soul
of Phlegyas in Hades, lamenting his impious disregard of the eternal laws of
right and justice, " Learn from my example to deal justly and not to despise
the gods,' a lesson England might have read with profit.

Van Loon in his elaborate work on the Medals relating to Holland, has
numerous instances of equally apt quotations. In the winter of 1690-91,
William III, of England, after a stormy voyage, embarked in a small boat to

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make a landing on the shores of Holland. The night was dark, the waves
were boisterous, and the ice of a wintry sea impeded his progress. With only a
cloak to cover him he was exposed to the storm, and his companions were
alarmed at his danger and their own. He observed their anxiety and asked
if they thought it hard to die with him. The parallel between this perilous
experience, and that of Caesar when he attempted to cross from Otranto to
Brlndisi. at once suggested itself to the designer — the die is by Koene, a
Dutch medallist, but whether he made the design does not appear. The
legend has the words addressed by Caesar to his terrified companions on that
famous occasion, and reads quid metuas ■ caesarem vehis, " What do you
fear ? you carry Caesar ! "

In the congress of the Allies who were waging war against France
in 1691, William presided. The obverse of a Medal on that event showed
Jupiter seated in the council of the gods, and the legend is adapted with
slight variation from Ovid (Metamorphoses, i: 166).

INGENTES ANIMO, DIGNAS lOVE CONCIPIT IRAS
CONCILIUMQUE VOCAT.

" He conceives in his mind a mighty wrath, worthy of Jupiter, and
assembles a council."

But there must be a limit to your patience, though none to the examples
of equal interest which might be quoted, and so I will defer my further
citations to some more convenient season.

J. w. L.

AN ASTRONOMICAL MEDAL.

Some little time ago the yournal described various astronomical Medals,
and I regret that your correspondent did not continue his contributions.
There is another and very rare Medal, which is allied to that series, a brief
description of which may be of interest. The obverse has a draped and
armored bust of William \\\, to the right : his hair is long and flowing, and
he wears a laurel wreath. Legend, invictissimvs gvillelmvs . mag. (The
invincible William the Great.) Beneath, f. d. w : (for F. D. Winter, an
engraver who is supposed to have been employed at the Royal Mint, from
about the period of the landing of William in England, until about the time
of the death of his Queen, and whose works have no great merit.) Near
these letters are N. c. a. p. (for Neale, custos artifex primus, that is, Thomas
Neale, Master of the Mint, — which position he occupied from 1678 to 1699.

The reverse shows the setting sun, — alluding to the declining power of
Louis XIV, — a castle, with soldiers on the shore of the ocean ; and various
military emblems, shields blazoned with the French lilies, etc., are strewn on
the ground ; above, is a portion of the zodiacal belt, showing the signs of Leo,
Libra, and Virgo. Legend, ingresso hoc sous decrescvnt lvmina signo.
(Having entered this sign the splendor of the sun becomes fainter.) The
size is twenty-nine nearly, and the piece exists in silver, bronze and lead.

This Medal is interesting, since the zodiacal sign enables us to fix the
date of the battle which it commemorates. Van Loon considers that it has
reference to the battle of La Hogue, which took place on the 19th of May,

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(O. S.), 1692; but Grueber notes that at that date the sun is in the sign
Gemini, If therefore, it alludes to that event, the legend would not be true,
for the light of the sun increases for a month or more after that time; for this
reason and the presence of the signs of the closing summer, the writer last
mentioned beUeves that it commemorates the battle of Aghrim, which occurred
July 12 (O. S.). on which date the sun enters the constellation Leo, arid
begins to decrease in splendor. The constellation of Leo has also a signifi-
cance, as it seems to allude to the chief device on the arms of Holland.

It would seem that the latter theory must be the true one. The power
of Louis waned rapidly after the severe contest at Aghrim, when General
Ginkell with an army of 18,000 won a decisive victory over St. Ruth who
commanded the adherents of King James, and out of whose army of 22,000
troops, principally Irish and French, nearly a third were slain, and St. Ruth
himself was killed.

SCORPIO.

EXPOSITION MEDALS.

The announcement is made that the Medals which are to be presented
to exhibitors at the Columbian Exposition, are in preparation, and the pre-
liminary design has been submitted to the Secretary of the Treasury for his
approval. Six months will probably elapse before they will be ready. The
well known artist. Augustus St. Gaudens, is at work completing the design,
and a recent issue of a New York paper states that he has chosen as his theme
the landing of Columbus ; the motive is the same as that of the statue of the
discoverer which stood before the Administration Building on the Fair
Grounds, the design of which was by the same artist. Columbus is represented
as standing, his head bare ; he is in armor, and draped with a cloak, the folds
of which are floating in the wind ; he lifts his sword and plants the banner of
Spain upon the shore, as he takes possession of the New World in the name
of the Spanish monarchs. Behind him is a group of his followers, and the
boats which brought the landing party are on the shore. The reverse is to
have a symbolical figure representing youth. The Medal will be struck in
bronze, and the design, the dies, and the entire work on the Medals is required
to be done in this country.

As a matter of interest in this connection, we give, by the courtesy of the
Worthington Company, of New York, an engraving of the Grand Prize Medal
of the French Exposition Universelle, of 1889, from one awarded to that com-
pany for their exhibit. The obverse has a draped and armored figure of the
Republic bestowing a laurel crown on an artisan, slightly draped, who is
seated at the left on an anvil, and bends forward to receive his reward : Near
him are implements of labor, and beneath the group is a portion of a hemi-
sphere, with the Eiffel tower and a glimpse of some of the buildings of the
Exposition in the foreground. Legend, exposition univeiweixe ; the date
1893 is placed over the hemisphere between the figures. The reverse has a
winged and laureated figure of Fame blowing a trumpet, which she holds in
her right hand, while her left embraces a profile bust of the Republic wearing
a liberty cap and a wreath. Fame is seated facing the left, and over her left
knee is thrown a mass of drapery which falls upon a tablet bearing the name

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1894.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 59

of the recipient ; beneath is a branch of laurel, which extends upward, and
appears at the left of the tablet. On the field at the left, republique francaise ;
a five-pointed star illumines with its rays the field between her extended
wings. The design is spirited, but the criticism has been made that the dis-
tinction between the obverse and the reverse is not sufficiently marked.

THE MEDALS, JETONS, AND TOKENS ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE
SCIENCE OF MEDICINE.

BY DR. HORATIO R. STORER, NEWPORT, R. I.

[Continutd from Vol. XXVin, p. 38.I

667. Obverse. Bust, to left. Inscription: iohn Howard, f.r.s. (The points
are three cornered.)

Reverse. Within field : h h(ickman) in monogram, script. Inscription : 1792

WESTMINSTER-HALFPENNY Upon rim : PAYABLE AT THE IRON WAREHOUSE N" 5 EDG-

BASTON STR'^ birh(ingham) (Duisburg incorrectly has lacarle [for warehouse],
and EDGRASTON.) Copper. i8. 29 mm.

Batty, I, p. 199, Nos. 1697, 1697A ; Duisburg, p. 227, DC, i ; Neumann, No.
23580; Storer, loc. cit, May, 1887, No. 31.

668. As preceding, save on rim : egbaston. Copper. 18. 29 mm.
Batty, I, p. 199, No. 1697B.

669. Obverse. Large bust, to left. Inscription as in preceding.

Reverse. Within field : 1792 | hh in script monogram. Inscription : Birming-
ham. PROMISSORY, halfpenny, (Threc-cornered points.) Upon rim ; payable at h.
Hickman's warehouse Birmingham. (Kluyskens erroneously has burckmans.) Copper.
18. 29 mm. Edges milled.

■ Batty, I, p. 251, Nos. 2324!, 2325, '6, '7 ; Kluyskens, II, p. 42 ; Duisburg, Suppl.
II, p. 27 ; Neumann, Nos. 24123-4; Storer, loc. cit., May, 1887, Nos. 32-3.

In the Government (Lee) Collection, that of Mr. Howard Edwards of Philadel-
phia and my own. Pye and Batty differ as to whether there are two varieties, with
one and two buttons respectively, but the latter is convinced that there was but one
obverse die.

670. Obverse. Bust, to left, with short hair. Inscription as in preceding.
(Three-cornered points.)

Reverse. Date and monogram as preceding. Inscription: Birmingham promis-
sory FARTHING. Copper.

Batty. I, p. 551, Nos. 883-5 5 Kluyskens, II, p. 42 ; Duisburg, Suppl. I, p. 12 ;
Ibid., Suppl., II, p. 27; Neumann, No. 24125 ; Storer, loc. cit.. May, 1887, Nos. 34, 37.

Duisburg described in his first supplement an alleged variety with the monogram
jAHC, and in his second supplement the present token. Mr. McLachlan has, however,
pointed out to me that the first was undoubtedly an error, from misreading the script
monogram h h.

671. As preceding, but edges dentated, and planchet thicker. Copper.
Batty, I, p. 551, No. 882; Neumann, No. 24126; Storer, loc. cit. May, 1887,

No. 35.

672. As preceding, but on rim : h. hickmans warehouse Birmingham
Batty, I, p. 551, Nos. 880-1 ; Neumann, No. 24,127; Storer, loc. cit.. May, 1887,

No. 36. Copper.

673. Obverse. As preceding.

Revtrse. Blank. Rim as preceding. Copper.
Batty, I, p. 551. No. 879.

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6o AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. January,

674. Obverse. Bust, to right (?). Inscription as in preceding.

Reverse. Female seated on a rock, holding palm branch. Legend : unity and
PEACE, Copper.

Batty, I, p. 440, Nos. 4265-6 ; Storer, loc. cit, Nov., 1888, No. 698 ; Low, Cat. of
U. S. and Colonial Coins, No. 161.

This is supposed to belong to the so-called "Pennsylvania Copper" series. It
is therefore the first of the American "Howards." One of Batty's specimens was
counterstamped on both sides: forever

675. Obverse. Small bust, to left. Inscription : iohn Howard f.r.s. | half-
penny.

Reverse. Within a beaded circle, a sitting female facing left, with branch of
olive on her left arm, which is supported by a vase. With her right she directs a
youth with key, towards a prison. At her feet three vases, one of which is overturned.
Above, irradiated : go forth Legend : remember the debtors in goal {sic)
Exergue: a rosette. Upon rim : payable in Lancaster London or Bristol

Batty, I, p. 114, Nos. 532, '3, '4; Duisburg, p, 227, DC, 2; Neumann, No. 22961;
Storer, loc. cit.. May, 1887, No. 38.

In the Booth (Fisher) collection and my own.

676. As preceding, but upon rim : payable in Lancaster or Bristol
Batty, I. p. 114, No. 531.

677. As preceding. Upon rim: payable at London or Dublin, x . X . X . x .
Copper. 18. 28 mm. Edges milled.

Batty, I, p. 144, Nos. 956-8 ; Kluyskens, II, p. 43 ; Neumann, No. 23369 ; Storer,
loc. cit., May, 1887, No. 39.
In my collection.

678. As preceding. Upon rim : payable in Dublin or london. + . + . + .
Batty, I, p. 370, No. 3707; Neumann, No. 25112 ; Storer, loc. cit.. May, 1887,

No. 40.

679. As preceding. Upon rim : current everywhere + + + ■«■■«■••■,

Batty, I, p. 441, No. 4271 ; Neumann, No. 25432 ; Storer, loc. cit.. May, 1887,
No. 41.

680. As preceding, but rim without inscription.
Batty, I, p. 441, No. 4269.

681. As preceding, but rim milled.
Ibid., I, p. 441, No. 4270.

682. As preceding, but ilchester before goal. Upon rim ; payable in ban-
bury OXFORD or reading

Ibid., I, p. 210, No. 1850; Storer, loc. cit., May, 1887, No. 1685.

683. Obverse. As preceding.

Reverse. Britannia seated on globe, with lance and olive branch. Legend : rule

BRITANNIA.

Batty, I, p. 441, No. 4267 ; Neumann, No. 25431 ; Storer, loc. cit.. May, 1887,
No. 42.

684. Obverse. As preceding.

Reverse. Female seated, holding mining tools, Inscription : halfpenny 1790
Batty, I, p. 441, Nos. 4268, 4268A.

685. Obverse. Bust, to left. Inscription : iohn Howard f.r.s. philanthropist.
Reverse. A market cross. Inscription: cricrester halfpenny 1794 Upon

rim : payable in London
[bid., I, p. 234, No. 2170.

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THE NEW PORTUGUESE COPPER COINAGE,

PRIZE MEDAL OF THE PARIS EXPOSITION,

REDUCED OBVERSE, MILAN COLUMBIAN,

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1894.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 61

686. Obverse. As preceding. The bow of queue points between n and t, the
N in front of frill, and the s back of centre of top of head.

Reverse. The arms of Portsmouth ; a three-towered citadel, over the gate a
shield bearing a leopard. Above, a horizontal crescent, surmounted by a star-shaped
eye, bisecting the words half-penny Inscription : chichester and Portsmouth.
Exergue; 1794 Upon rim: payable at sharps Portsmouth and chaldecotts
CHICHESTER (Neumann has 1797.) Copper. 18. 28 mm. Edges milled.

Ibid., I, p. lOi, Nos, 331-3, and 2870A ; Duisburg, p. 227, DC, 3 ; Neumann, No.
22872 ; Conder, p. 42, No. 17 ; Storer, ioc. cit.. May, 1887, No. 43.

In my collection.

687. As preceding, save that the bow is opposite n, and the n under the frill.
Copper. 18. 28 mm.

Storer, Ioc. cit., May, 1887, No. 44,
In my collection,

688. As preceding, save Portsmouth and chichester Upon obverse, the bow
opposite H, and s over centre of head ; upon reverse, c to left of centre of p. Edges
milled.

Batty, I, p, 101, No, 328; Kluyskens, II, p, 42; Duisburg, Suppl. I, p, 12;
Neumann, No. 22871 ; Storer, ioc. cit.. May, 1887, No. 45.
In the Government {Lee) Collection and my own.

689. As preceding, save bow opposite N ; and on reverse, c to right of centre
of p. Edges milled.

Batty, I, p, loi, Nos, 329-30, 334-S ; Storer, Ioc. cit.. May, 1887, No, 46,
In my collection.

690. As preceding, but on rim : payable darlington & stockton (durhau)
Batty, I, p, 92, Nos. 168-9 ; Storer, Ioc. cit., July, 1891, No. 1688,

691. Obverse. As preceding.

Reverse. Britannia, to left, seated on globe, leaning on shield, with lance and
olive branch. Legend: rule Britannia Exergue: 1794 Upon rim: payable at

THE warehouse LIVERPOOL

Batty, I, p. 119, Nos. 643-4; Neumann, No. 22011; Storer, Ioc. cit. May, 1887,
No. 48,

692. As preceding. Upon rim : payable at i iordans draper gosport.
Batty, I, p, lOO, No, 313 ; Storer, Ioc. cit., July, 1891, No. 1686.

693. As preceding. Upon rim : payable in london wwws

Batty, I, p: 144, No. 959; Neumann, No. 23367; Storer, he. cit.. May, 1887,
No. 49.

694. As preceding, but 1795, and upon rim : current everywhere ♦♦»*»•
Copper. 18. 28 mm. Edges milled.

Batty, I, p. 441. Nos, 4272-3 ; Rudolphi, p, 77, No. 325 ; Kluyskens, II, p. 42 ;
Duisburg, p. 227, DC, 5 ; Neumann, No. 25430; Storer, Ioc. cit.. May, 1887, No. 47.
In my collection.

695. As the last, save rim milled.
Batty, I, p. 441, No. 4273A.

696. Obverse. As preceding.

Reverse. The arms of York ; a castle filled with soldiers ; to the left a draw-
bridge, over which four soldiers are passing. Inscription : Clifford's tower. Ex-
ergue : A, D. 1 100. Upon rim : fear god and honor the king, x,

Neumann, No. 24402, Storer, Ioc. cit., May, 1887, No. 51.

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6a AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [January,

697. As preceding, but rim is plain.
Batty, I, p. 311, No. 2963.

698. Obverse. As preceding.

Reverse. The arms of Glasgow ; within a shield a tree with birds on its branches,
and a bell hanging from it ; a salmon across its trunk. Legend : let Glasgow
FLOURISH. Upon rim : payable at the house of gilbert shearer & co,

Duisburg, p. 227, DC, 4 ; Neumann, No. 24769 ; Storer, loc. cit. May, 1887,
No. 52.

699. As preceding, but rim milled.
Batty, I, p. 342, No. 3344.

700. Obverse. As preceding.

Reverse. Liberty facing, erect; in right hand, the pole and cap; in left, a rud-
der; beside her, a bale. Legend: liberty &. commerce. Exergue: 1794 Upon
rim : payable in london (The same as reverse of the Talbot Allum & Lee New
York Cent of 1794.)

Ibid., I, p. 144, No. 960; Kluyskens, II, p. 42 ; Neumann, No. 23368; Storer,
loc. cit.. May, 1887, No. 53.

In my collection This is considered to belong to the early American Series.
It is the second of the American Howards, No. 674 being the first.

701. As preceding. Upon rim: payable at store of +

Coin Collectors' Jour., Oct., 1885. p. 158, No. 6; Storer, loc. cit.. May, 1887, No.
54-

The third American Howard.

702. As preceding, save 1795, and upon rim : we promise to pay the bearer
ONE cent.

Coin Collectors' Jour., July, 1887, p. 108; Storer, loc. cit., Nov., 1888, No. 697.
The fourth American Howard.

703. Obverse. As preceding.

Reverse. Within a circle a ship under sail, to right, its mainmast dividing the
words NEW-YORK. Inscription : talbot alluh & lee | one cent.

Coin Collectors' Jour., Oct., 1885, p. 158, No. 3 ; Storer, loc. cit.. May, 1887, No. 55.
The fifth American Howard.

704. Obverse. As preceding, save bust to right (?).

Reverse. The arms of Exeter ; two winged horses supporting an armorial shield.
Above, a lion, to right, supporting an orb; beneath, upon a band : semper fidelis
Inscription: exeter halfpenny. Exergue: 1792 Upon rim: payable at the

WAREHOUSE OF SAMUEL KINGDOM. X.

Neumann, No. 22758 ; Storer, loc. cit.. May, 1887, No. 50.

705. As preceding, save that rim is milted.
Batty, I, p. 90, No. 145.*

■ The two American Medals struck in memory of Howard by the Howard Associ-
ations of Norfolk, Va„ and Memphis, Tenn., have been already described, under Nos.
ig8 and 203.^

Before proceeding with the English Personal Medals, I shall, in the next paper,
mention a number of South American pieces, of which I have recently obtained
descriptions.

I It will have been seen that Bally, thoueh lo eices- ter; Role Britannia i79(; H H Birmingham ProDUS-

Bively minute in hii dWiBions, often indeea mentioning sory H^penny; and H H Westminster Halfpenny,

as separate varieties what were merely defaced or ob- I must acknowledge my very |^eat obligation to Mr.

iiteraled specimens, failed to discover several that are R. W. McLachlan of Montreal, who has been kind

well au the nlicated. Prattent (The Virtuoso's Companion enough to revise all my references to Batty, and to

[illnstrationa only], London, 1796, pages 89.90) gives carefully compare them with Conder and Prattent.

six reverses, to wit: Remember The Debtors, etc.; i The /™r«a/, July, 1891, pp. 8,9.
Chichester and Portsmouth ; Portsmouth and Chicbes-

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i894-] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 63

ANOTHER 1804 DOLLAR.

There will always be some romantic story in circulation about 1804 dollars. In
April, 1891, \\iQ Journal printed what we then believed to be a complete list of the
owners of these pieces, and although several reputed finds have been chronicled, one
within a year,— described with much particularity as to the place where it was found,
the person by whom purchased, and its subsequent history — no sufficient evidence has
yet been presented to convince us that the piece to which we allude has been conclu-
sively shown to be what it is claimed, and Mr, Nexsen's list has thus far needed no
revision, in our judgment, until now.

Within the last few weeks we have seen mention of three more of these so-called
1804 dollars ; one of them is reported to be the property of a lady somewhere in
Michigan, who of course has been offered and refused a sum far in excess of what is
probably its actual va^ue ; we may let this story rest until we find some more reliable
basis to support it than a floating item in a country newspaper.

The knowledge of the next comes to us from responsible partics.and its.e.\istcnce
cannot be disputed. The Messrs. Chapman, of Philadelphia, write to the editors that
"There has appeared in Philadelphia, one of the re-strike (so-called) 1804 dollars,
having a lettered edge, and being one of those made at the Mint about 1868. Condition
fine. It is said to have come from Richmond, Va., but we have no faith in the story.
It was shown to us, and we declined to purchase at any price, and what disposition has
since been made of it, we are unaware." This is positive proof of the existence of an
1804 dollar, with kttered edge, in addition to the twelve (two with plain edge) cata-
logued and their ownership given in April, 1891, by Mr. Nexsen. For 1868, in Mr.
Chapman's letter, we should probably read 1858, {%te Journal, iii : 7), but the difficulty
in connecting the piece with that issue is, that the scamp who wrongfully used the
Government dies at that time, was not able to get the collar to letter their edges, and
having been put on the market with plain edges, the fraud was speedily discovered.
The piece under notice has a lettered edge, and is in fine condition ; we are therefore
inclined to believe that it has never been in circulation, and is very probably one of
there-strikes of an earlier date — between 1836 and 1840. Of these it has been
"asserted that there were as many as fifty." (See Journal, ii : 24).

There are some curious points in connection with the story that i.t came from
Richmond, which we should like to see substantiated. A year or two ago in a news-
paper article on the subject, we remember to have seen it stated that there was such a
dollar in existence, and in the possession of some one residing near Richmond. The
owner's name was not given, and little attention was paid to the report by collectors
or dealers, for it was thought by those who gave any heed to it, to be a traditionary
story, based on the history of what is usually known as the Cohen Dollar, (No. II, in
Mr. Nexsen's list) and which was actually found in Richmond.

The story told of the recently discovered piece is that " Rosenthal Brothers,
dealers in old iron, had a debtor in Virginia from whom they vainly tried for some time
to collect a bill of J500. Recently the Virginian sent the firm one of the much sought
for 1804 dollars. He stated that he sent the coin in payment of his bill, and if the Rosen-
thal could sell it for more than the total they could keep the balance. In explanation
of how he came in possession of the dollar, the Virginian wrote that he had bought it for
thirty dollars, from an old negro who was ignorant of its value and rarity, and in whose
family it had been for a long time. The Rosenthals are said to have taken it to the
Philadelphia Mint, where it was pronounced genuine. A coin collector has offered
$350 for it, which they refused, etc." This is the substance of the story as printed in
several newspapers.

As we have stated, the existence of the piece is clearly established by expert
testimony. But as to the other points of the story we have thus far no positive know-
ledge. The singular part of the tale is that to a certain degree it confirms the report
that such a piece was in existence in or near Richmond, which originated, or at least
was occasionally put in circulation, since the Cohen Dollar came to light. Whether

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64 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [January,

the story is true or a myth must be left to be determined by future investigation. It
may be established, perhaps, but we must wait for future developments before we
accept it with implicit faith, — if it is not true, we shall, perhaps, have the actual facts
in time, remembering the Latin line on one of the satirical Medals of John Law; —
" Quod varum est, lateat quamvis, aliquando patebit," " The truth although concealed,
will some time or other come to light."

Lastly, since this story appeared, we have seen the report that a dealer in old
books in Canal Street, New York, is in the habit of carrying about in his pocket,
done up in a scrap of paper, one of these same 1804 Dollars," which "is in excellent
condition, though it has been circulated," and which "as far as he remembered, had
been paid him for some books quite a long time ago."

ENGLISH PERSONAL MEDALS.

The London "Numismatic Chronicle" has for some years been publishing a
series of articles descriptive of English Personal Medals, struck since 1760, with
brief accounts of the individuals commemorated, or the events which elicited the
pieces. These have now reached to the name of Thomas HoUoway, the list being
arranged in alphabetical order. The work is from the pen of Mr. H. Grueber, and is
somewhat on the line of the very valuable " Medallic Illustrations of the History of
Great Britain," so well known as one of the most complete descriptive works on
Medals, relating not alone to English history, but to contemporaneous matters con-
nected with it indirectly. Many of the Medals described in the "English Personals,"
as well as in " Medallic Illustrations," have also a close relation to our own history.

The list now in course of publication is full without being diffuse. Being arranged
in alphabetical order, it is not very difficult to find any desired piece, so far as its posi-
tion in the list is concerned, but the descriptions appear only at intervals, which makes
it necessary to search through a long file to find one which may be wanted, and as the
descriptions are not numbered (as they were in "Medallic Illustrations"), there is
occasionally some trouble in referring to them. It is much to be desired that these
papers should be collected into a volume, when this defect can easily be remedied, for a
work of this character would be interesting and valuable to all students of the Medallic
side of Numismatics — a branch of the science to which we could wish the "Chronicle"
gave more attention.

COLUMBIAN HALF DOLLARS.

The last number of the 5^o«?-«fl/ mentioned that upwards of half a million of the
Souvenir Half Dollars were said to be in the hands of the Commissioners of the Ex-
position ; it is now stated that the amount in the hands of these gentlemen largely
exceeds that number, and the New York Sun of December ro, says that Mr. Ellsworth,
representing the owners, had called at the Treasury Department and paid to Acting
Secretary Curtis ^40,300 to defray the cost of transporting and recoining the unsold
remainder, which, it is now stated, exceeds Ji, 700,000.

"The object to be attained is to enhance the value of those now in the hands of
the Commission," which seems to imply that even the large amount mentioned above,
more than two-thirds of the original grant, does not cover the value of those unsold.
"Secretary Carlisle was requested to re-coin the twenty-five and fifty cent souvenirs,
at the expense of the Government, but this he declined to do, and notified the Com-
mission that unless it bore the expense of the recoinage he would issue the souvenir
pieces at their face value. As this would materially reduce the value of those in the
hands of purchasers and speculative holders, Mr. Ellsworth was sent to make the
necessary deposit." The Managers will thus be able to realize only about ^3,500,000
instead of $5,000,000, as they anticipated, from the sale of these pieces. Quite a large
number of the coins have never left the National Treasury,

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1894.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 65

SOME COLUMBIAN MEDALS.

BY EDMUND J. CLEVELAND.

1. A reduced copy of the Milan Medal, illustrated and described in the yourttat
for October, 1892. Bronze, white metal and white metal oxydized. Size y}\.
The design and modelling of the Milan Medal is the work of Prof. Pagliaghi ; the
engraving by Capuccio ; struck in the laboratory of Stefano Johnson.

2. Obv, Same bust as on 1, but larger. Legend : Christopher at the left ;
COLUMBUS at the right, all within a double circle, around which : * memento of the
world's fair * CHICAGO T893. Exefguc : JOHNSON at edge of circle. Rev. Same as
I. Bronze, white metal and white metal oxydized. Size ■^fy.

[Illustrations of Nos. i and 2 appear in this number.]

3. Obi'. Bust (beardless) in high relief, facing right, wearing cap with ear-flap.
Legend : cristoforo at the left ; Colombo at the right. Rev. A three-masted vessel
sailing to left within a circle, around which : al grande italiano scopritore del
Nuovo HONDO o No milling. Silver and silver gilt. Size 15 with perforated loop
at top edge, and ring. From the Italian Exhibit at the Columbian Exposition.

4. Obv. Columbus (beardless) standing on the deck of his vessel, the tiller in
his left hand, arm bared. To his right hand a standing female touches his right
shoulder with her left hand, pointing forward with her right ; two vessels in the dis-
tance, Legend: Chicago 1893. above ; guanahane oct. 12'^^ 1492- below. Exergue:
F. KOCH, at base of deck. Rev. A large vessel sailing to left. Inscription : Santa
MARIA below, all within a rope in nearly a circle, the ends being separated at bottom
by a trophy of two nearly square shields whose edges bind, bearing respectively the
arms of the United States and of Spain, both surmounted by a spread eagle on a
hemisphere ; from behind each shield three flags project. Legend : to commemorate
THE discovery OF AMERICA Circling between the rope and an outside scalloped border.
Edge milled. Oxydized white metal. Size 33.

5. Obv. Bust (beardless) facing right. Legend : columbus at the left ; 1492-
1892 at the right. Rev. A group of figures, standing, etc. Legend; landing ofj
COLUMBUS below. White metal. Size 24.

6. Obv. Bust (bearded) facing, with high ruflle collar. Legend: columbus at
the left; 1492-1892 at the right. Rev. Group, vessels, etc., with landing of | co-
lumbus below. Brass. Size i6i, ribbon and pin attached.

7. Obv. Bust (beardless) facing one-quarter to left. Legend : columbus at the
left ; 1492-1892 at the right. Rev. Busts of Washington, Lincoln and Grant, jugate,
facing left. Legend : pater ' saviour • defender curving above. Brass. Size i6i,
ribbon and pin attached.

8. Obv. Bust (beardless) facing right. Legend : columbus at the left ; 1492-
1892 at the right, Rev. Group standing, with landing below. Brass. Size 8J.

9. Obv. Large bust (beardless) in high relief, facing left, back turned to obser-
ver, wearing cloak, a fold thrown over the right shoulder. Legend : Christopher
columbus at the left ; discoverer of America at the right. Rev. A crowned woman
seated, facing three-quarters right, beside a globe which shows a new world ; a sceptre,
point downward, in her left hand, her right arm passes through a laurel wreath and
rests on a tablet inscribed: Chicago | may [ to | octob all partly encircled by: in
commemoration of THE woRLo's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION 1893 above. Exerguc : L.
CHR. LAUER, NURNBERG. No milling. Aluminum, dull silver color. Size 44^. This
appears to be an American edition of the Medal with Spanish legends described in
the Jottmal for last July.

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66 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [January,

Numbers lo to 23 inclusive below are milled, and are struck in copper, brass and
aluminum. Size 23.

10. Obv. Same bust of Columbus as on g, small, and nearly encircled by two
olive branches tied together at bottom, within a ring encircled by : « the ■ world's ■
COLVMBIAN ■ EXPOSITION • CHICAGO ■ 1893. Rev. Building, etc. Legend : the ad-
ministration I BUILDING I 260 FEET SQUARE COST $4SO.OOO beloW.

11. Obv. Same as lO. Rev. Building, etc., on lower half, with manufactures

AND LIBERAL | ARTS ] 787 X 1687 FEET ' 3I ACRES | COST $1,500,000 bclow. Another

building, etc., on upper left quarter, with casino and music hall below it. A vessel,
etc., on upper right quarter, with imitation battle ship below it.

12. Obv. Same as lO. Rev. Building, etc., with the machinery hall | 850 ft.
LONG, 500 ft. wide I COST Sl.200.000 below.

13. Obv. Same as 10. Rev. Building, etc., with the art palace | 320 x 500
feet [ COST $670,000 below.

14. Obv. Same as 10. Rev. Building, etc., with the agricultural | building
I 500 v. 800 feet ■ COST $618,000 below.

15. Obv. Same as reverse of 13. Rev. Same as 14.

16. Obv. Same as 10. Rev. Building, etc., with the horticultural | build-
ing I 250 X 1000 FEET I cost $300,000 below.

17. Obv. Same as 10. Rev. Building, etc., with mines and mining | building!
350 X 700 feet cost $265,000 below.

iS. Obv. Same as 10. Rev. Building, etc., with the electrical building |

345 ft. wide, 700 FT. LONG | COST I4OI.OOO below.

19. Obv. Same as lo. Rev. Building, etc., with the fisheries biiilding \
200 X 1100 FEET I cost $200,000 below.

20. Obv. Same as lO. Rev. Building, etc., on lower half, with the transport-
ation building I 250 X 960 FEET | COST $370,000 below. Another building, etc., on
upper half, with the forestry building | 203 x 523 feet cost $100,000 below it.

21. Obv. Same as 10. Rev. Building, etc., with the womans building [ 200 x 400
FEET I cost $120,000 below.

22. Obv. Same as 10, Rev. Building, etc., with u. s, government ■ | 345 x 415

FEET 3.3 ACRES | COST I4OO.OOO bclow.

23. Obv. Same as lo. Rev, Statue of Liberty.

24. Obv. Bust (beardless) one-quarter to right, wearing cap with flaps turned up
at sides, with 1492 at the left and 1892 at the right, all within a circle encircled by
• THE • WORLDS • COLVMBIAN • EXPOSITION ■ CHICAGO • 1893. Rev. Same as obverse.
Edge W inch thick, and milled to imitate a pile of 8 medals. White metal. Size 25.
Struck as a paper weight ; also made as a box, hollow, divided at middle, accompanying
and to contain the medals, Nos. 10-23 ! ^"<^ '''^ made as an inkstand or souvenir.

25. Obv. Same bust as on 10. Legend, Cristobal at the left, colon -u*) at
the right. Rev. Inscription, world's | Columbian | exhibition | 1893 in parallel lines
across, encircled by two laurel branches tied together at bottom. Aluminum. Size
18, perforated loop at top edge.

26. Obv. Same bust as on 9. Legend : Cristobal at the left, colon at the
right, all encircled with world's Columbian exhibition 1893 all within circle sunk -^
inch, and encircled above by two oak branches tied together at bottom. Rev. Same
as obv., but incuse. Aluminum. Size 66. A placque.

27. Obv. Group. In the centre Columbus (beardless) kneels facing, sword in
right hand, erect flag in left hand, followers, Indians, boat, vessel in distance. Legend :

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1894.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 67

LANDING OF COLUMBUS [ » 1492 * bclow, all Within a circled encircled by stars. Rev.
Building. Exergue, made in germanv on the base. Legend : administration [
BUILDING below, all within a circle encircled by, ♦ worlds Columbian exposition
CHICAGO • 1893 (in panel). White metal. Size 32.

28. Obv. Building, with administration building Chicago partly encircling
above. Exergue : made in Germany, Rev, Inscription : world's | Columbian (
exposition I CHICAGO [ 1893 in parallel lines across, encircled bya laurel wreath of two
branches tied at bottom. The obverse fits into the reverse, they being separate shells
united at top by ring. On the inner side of obverse a photograph of Owings Building,
and on that of reverse a photograph of Machinery Hall. Brass. Size l6.

29. Obv. Bust (bearded) one-quarter to right, with high ruffle collar. Legend :
COLUMBUS at right. Exergue : A. o. ameis on base. Rev. Building. Legend :
world's COLUMBIAN at the left ; exposition at the right; Chicago | 1893 | adminis.
tration buildinq below. All in high relief. Bronze, thick. Size 44,

30. Obv. Bust (beardless) one-quarter to right wearing a soft cap with flaps
turned up at sides, on a pedestal ; an oak branch behind his back visible at his shoulders,
all within a circle around which 1, CHRisroPHE • colomb » consilio • et • aniuis.
Rev. A woman standing facing, a spread eagle on her head, and behind her, three
flags, eagle and olive branch on a shield, stars in the background, all within a circle
surrounded by • world's • Columbian • exposition » 1893. Aluminum. Size 33,

31. Obv. Bust similar to that on 30, with 1492 at the left ; 1892 at the right ;
COLUMBUS below, all within a circle surrounded by * world's Columbian exposition *
CHICAGO, Rev. An oblong sunken panel encasing below mica a one-cent "Columbian"
postage stamp with Columbian | 1893 above; pat, pending | souvenir below. (On
other specimens are encased photographs of Treasury notes, etc.) White metal.
Size 33.

32. Obv. Bust similar to that on 30, with 1492 at the left; 1892 at the right,
all within a circle surrounded by • Columbian souvenir medal • Chicago world's
fair 1893. Rev. A vessel. Legend: in god we trust on a curved scroll above:
u. s. MAN OF war on a curved scroll below. Exergue: patent applied for. The
two shells forming this medal separate, attached to a paper strip on which are fourteen
views of buildings, etc. Tin plate. Size 36.

33. Obv. Bust (beardless) facing one-quarter to left, wearing a soft cap with flaps
turned up at sides ; he holds an open map before his breast, all encircled by a heavy
wreath ; the whole surrounded by « Christopher columbus « born 1456 [should be
about 1435] • died 1506. Rev. To the right a crowned woman seated, her left arm
resting on a shield bearing the United States arms ; at her right an Indian woman
standing, both are pointing with right hands extended to the Exposition grounds in
the distance ; beyond, is the rising sun. Above them, beneath a star, a flying eagle
over a scroll inscribed, e pluribus unum. Below them 1492-1892 | iv . centennial ;
all nearly encircled by souvenir world's Columbian exposition . chicago , u, s, a.
1892-1893. Bronze and white metal. Size 32!.

34. Obv. Bust (beardless) of Columbus facing one-quarter to right wearing a fur
collar, on and in high relief from the globe surmounted by a spread eagle, an olive
branch in the right talon, and arrows in the left ; the globe more than half encircled
below by a scroll bearing the legend, gbnoa 1447 [ palos 1492 | san Salvador 1492 |
CHICAGO 1893 — each of the fourfolds of scroll containing a name and date. Rev. On
a lambrequin the Arms of Maryland surmounted by the crest of Lord Baltimore. In-
scription : 1893 I commemorating I MARYLAND'S | PARTICIPATION IN THE | WORLD'S

COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION in parallel lines, across and just above; all encircled by a design
composed of six wild geese flying above ; grasses, birds, turtles, water, fruits below.
Bronze and white metal. Size 28i. Attached to the upper rim is a bar i^^ x A-
inches, inscribed souvenir, suspended by a parti-color orange and black (the Balti-

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68 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [January,

more colors) silk ribbon li inches long to a pin bar i-^ x i inches, inscribed uary-
LAND, having a segment-shaped scallop f x | inches on the centre of the top edge.
There is printed on the orange half of the ribbon, Design copyright | 1 893 . | by frank

BROWN I GOVERNOR.

35. Oi>v. Bust (beardless) facing one-half to left. All the legends are in sunken
letters: iv centenario at the left ; colombiano at the right. Jiev. Legend : Chicago
(in segment line across) I 1893 (in straight line) | — | No milling. Oxydized silver.
Size II, with perforated loop at top edge, with ring. By Whiting Manufacturing Co.,
N. Y.

36. Oiv. Bust (bearded) facing right. Legend : Christopher at the left ; co-
LUMBUS at the right. Rev. A vessel sailing to right, santa maria below. Brass
shell. Size 14^, silk ribbon and eagle pin attached.

37. 06v. Same bust as on 36. Legend: columbus below. Rev. Blank. Brass.
Size 15.

Numbers 38, 39 and 40 below, are in brass gold plated, and brass. Size 8i. By
Geo. B. Soley, Philadelphia, Pa. ; struck in Machinery Hall on the first steam coining
press used by the U. S. Government.

38. Oltv. Bust (beardless) of Columbus facing one-quarter left. Legend : worlds
at the left ; fair 1893 at the right. Rev. The Lord's Prayer in fifteen lines across.

39. Odv. Bell inscribed : pass stow | fhilada | mdccliii. Legend : lib-
erty at the left ; bell at the right ; 17 [divided by the clapper] 76 below. Rev. Same
as 38.

40. Odv. A crown, through which passes a radiant passion cross diagonally
downward to the left. Rev. Same as 38.

41. Oiv. Group standing, etc; Columbus (bearded) facing right, standing in
the foreground, a sword in right hand, and flag in left. £xergue: 1492 below at
centre; all within a circle composed of stars and 1892 below at centre ; the whole
encircled by the legend : * dedicated to the American people in honor of the

400™ anniversary of the discovery of AMERICA « UNITED WE STAND DIVIDED WE

FALL. Rev. A spread eagle on shield holding in beak a scroll inscribed e fluribus
tJNUH olive branch in right talon and arrows in left ; radiant star above, all encircled
by * world's COLUMBIAN exposition * CHICAGO 1893. Alumlnum. Size 23; per-
forated loop at top edge.

42. Oiv. Same group as on 41 ; 1492 below, all encircled by stars. Rev.
E^gle as on 41 ; world's Colombian | exposition (in curved lines) above ; Chicago |
1893 (in straight lines) below. Brass and aluminum. Size i8i ; perforated loop at
top edge.

43 is 42 forming part of a watch chain, consisting also of three square medals.
Respectively : (a.) Obv. Liberty head to left, wearing liberty cap, encircled by stars.
Rev. E I PLURiBUS I UNUM, all inscriptions in parallel lines across, {b.) Obv. Capitol
at Washington within a beaded circle. Rev. in god | we | trust, {c.) Obv. Statue
of Liberty, New York harbor, within a beaded circle. Rev. united | we stand |
divided I WE FALL. Brass gilt. Each, size 10 x 10 ; all joined together by rings.

44. Obv. Group similar to that on 41 but more persons, landing of columbus
below. Rev. Inscription : discovery | of | America 1492 J Columbian fair |
CHICAGO • ILLINOIS | u. s. A,, 1893 across. Aluminum, Size 25*.

45. Obv. Group similar to that on 44, with landing of columbus in America)
OCTOBER I2TH, 1492 below, all on a globe. Exergue : pat'd dec, i, 1891. below. Rev,
View of the Fair and world's Columbian exposition. | Chicago. 1892-3 below, all on
a globe. Legend : world's-fair above; souvenir below. Aluminum. Size 28^.

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1894-3 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 69

46. Obv. View of the Fair on a globe encircled by -j- 1492 * world's fair ■»
1892 ^ SOUVENIR. Rev. Inscription : world's Columbian | exposition (in curved

lines) I ALUMINUM I EXTRACTED BY ELECTRICITY ] FROM COMMON CLAY (in Straight

lines) 1 CHICAGO, u, s. a. (curved) | 1893 (straight) | . . * . . Aluminum. Size 20.

47. Obi'. A vessel sailing to left, two others in distance. Legend : columbus
IN SIGHT OF THE NEW WORLD (in curved line) above ; the santa maria (straight line)
below. Rev. Movable calendar. Aluminum. Size 24!.

48. Obv. Same a.s 47. Rev. Three Exhibition buildings in three lines across.
Aluminum. Size 244.

THE NEW PORTUGUESE COPPER COINS.

We give an engraving of one of the new Portuguese Copper coins, of
which pieces of the value of Five, Ten, and Twenty Reis, bearing date
of [892 and 1893, have been struck by order of the King, Carlos I, who
succeeded his father, Luis 1, in 1889 In general appearance they are
similar to those of the series adopted in 1882, issued in the preceding
reign, but the King's head is turned to the left instead of to the right,
and the date is placed on the obverse instead of below the value on the
reverse, where it appeared on that issue ; on the reverse the wreath is tied
in a close knot, the floating ends of the ribbon bow on the earlier series
having been dropped. A portion of the Ten and Twenty Reis coins of
1892 were struck at the Paris Mint, probably in consequence of the demand
for an immediate supply, and because of the limited capacity of the Royal
Mint at Lisbon.

AN OLD NEW YORK MEDAL.
Editors of the Journal: —

A German farmer, Mr. Charles C. Fritzinger, residing in Benton County,
Missouri, about fifty miles from Sedalia, has within a few weeks exhumed an unde-
scribed Medal, which has a special interest from its connection with the early history
of Methodism in the city of New York, where it is believed to have been issued. The
obverse has the bust of John Wesley, with the legend above, founder of methodisu
and below, the world is my parish. On the reverse is a view of the Wesleyan
Chapel (afterwards known as the John Street Church in New York), with the parson-
age adjoining ; above are the words weslev chapel and parsonage and below,
dedicated by PHILIP EMBURY, OCT. 30, 1768, The material is said to resemble type-
metal, a composition of lead and antimony ; the Medal is about size 32, and "as thick
as a dollar."

This is an interesting "find," for it adds a piece to our list of American Medals
which has hitherto, we believe, been unnoticed. No record of the issue of this Medal
has been found by the authorities of the Methodist Church, so far as we have been
able to ascertain, but some elderly people have preserved a sort of traditionary knowl-
edge of it, which may possibly have some basis of fact, and which with some variations,
is given substantially as below.

The " Founder of Methodism," John Wesley, who was born in Epworth, England,
in 1703, was, early in his ministry, engaged in work among the colonists of Georgia
under Oglethorpe, and their Indian neighbors, where he labored for about two years,
in 1735-37. While there he had some controversies with Whitefield, out of which
eventually arose the difficulties between the Calvinistic Methodists, under Whitefield,
and the Wesleyan branch of the same body, (which in the religious controversies of

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70 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [January,

the times was charged with Arminianism), and which brought about the schism that
occurred about 1752. The American followers of Wesley founded a society, — as the
parish organizations were called — at New York, in 1766; it began at once to erect
the buildings shown on the Medal, which are believed to have been the first owned and
occupied for church purposes, by the denomination, in this country. From this reli-
gious home, which was regarded as in a sense the mother-church of the sect in
America, many ministers went out and labored with missionary zeal, not only among
the Colonists but also among the Indians, wherever they found opportunity, in the
spirit of the words of their founder, borne upon the Medal, — "The world is my
parish." To preserve a certain connection between these itinerant preachers and the
historic spot whither their memory turned with something of the same devotion with
which the Israelite regarded the Temple at Jerusalem, these Medals were prepared ;
and as it had been the custom of the representatives of France and England to deco-
rate their Indian allies with Medals, so these missionaries occasionally presented to
their Indian converts impressions of the Medals described, as a token of friendship, and
a means of influence. This tradition may or may not prove to be correct, and we give
it "for what it is worth."

The piece lately discovered is said to have been found while digging on an old
battte-ground where the Osage and Kickapoo tribes had their last hotly contested fight
early in the present century, the exact date of which we have not ascertained, but be-
fore 1820. In the progress of the excavations where this Medal was unearthed, a
number of arrow-heads, tomahawks, and other Indian weapons were found. Since it is
well established that a missionary was living with the Osage Indians, some time pre-
vious to this battle, and had acquired considerable influence over them, it is conjec-
tured that this piece was one presented by him to some warrior of that tribe, and was
lost in the fight.

The exact period of its issue has not been learned, but it is assigned by those
who have attempted to investigate its history, to a date near the close of the Revolu-
tionary War, or a little later, though for what particular reasons we have not been
informed. The fact that John Wesley died in 1791 may possibly have given occasion
for striking it, as the death of Whitefield some twenty years earlier evoked several
Medals in his memory ; quite a number of similar tokens of Wesley are given by Con-
der, which are struck in white metal, but they are generally of penny size, and none
exactly agree with the description of this. If the metallic composition of which the
piece is composed is correctly reported, — a mixture of lead and antimony, nearly the
same as formerly used for type, — there would seem to be ground to suspect that even
the latter date (1791) may be somewhat too early. The writer has not seen the Medal,
and can of course express no opinion whether it is struck or a cast. While cast medals
in type-metal are rarely issued, except as copies of others previously struck, it may be
interesting to recall the well known fact that the oldest type-foundry in America was
establi-shcd at Philadelphia in 1793, although some experiments in casting type had
been successfully made by Franklin much earlier; David Bruce came to New York
late in 1812 to connect himself with a concern already at work there, and introduced
the process of stereotyping in that city early in 1813. In the period intervening be-
tween these two events much interest had been excited in the manipulation of a metal
which could be cast in moulds with a resultant sharpness due to the use of antimony,
which distinguished it from all other metallic casts. It would not be surprising, there-
fore, should it be shown that these Medals were produced in this inexpensive manner,
at a cost far below what would have been incurred, had the dies been engraved and
the pieces struck by the slow and tedious processes used in preparing the copper
coinage of the Colonies at a period but little previous, and even for the earliest issues
of the National Mint. If this theory should be sustained the Medal might be assigned
a date not earlier than 1793, and certainly not later than 1812 or 1813. The investi-
gation of its history would be a most appropriate task for the American Numismatic
and Archaeological Society, to which the local interest attaching to the Medal would
seem to give it a peculiar attraction. a. r.

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1894-] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS.

MASONIC MEDALS.

DCCCCXLII. Obverse, Bust of George Drummond to left; he wears
a wig and coat, and the collar and jewel of the Grand Master of the Scottish
Grand Lodge. Legend, g. drummond. architect, scot, summus. magis. edin.
TER. COS. [George Drummond, Grand Master of the Scottish Free Masons,
three times Provost of Edinboro.] Reverse, The facade of the Edinboro'
Exchange. Legend, urbi exornandae civiumque commoditati. [For beau-
tifying the city and for the convenience of the citizens]. In exergue, fori

NOVl EDINBURGENSIS POSITO LAPIDE PRIMO ORDO PER SCOTIAM ARCHITECTONICUS

excudi jussit xiii SEFfEMBRis MDCCLiii. [The Masonic Order throughout
Scotland directed this medal to be struck on the laying of the first stone of
the New Exchange at Edinboro', Sept. 13, 1753.] Silver. Size 19.' Very
rare.

DCCCCXLIII. Obverse, Bust of Drummond as on the preceding.
Reverse, From the obverse die of XXXII. Silver. Size lo." Very rare.

DCCCCXLV. Obverse, Youthful undraped bust of the Duke of Sussex
in profile to left, beneath which w very small, probably for Wyon. Legend,
DUKE OF SUSSEX Reverse, A triangle, within which two hands clasped across
its centre, aqd 1813 below.' Gold. Size 4 1-2.

DCCCCXLVI. Obverse, The square and compasses enclosing a five-
pointed star, on which is the letter G ; below, at the right, curving to the edge,
p . CACiADA INC . [the die-cutter]. Legend, loggia massonica garibaldi an-
coNA .". [The Masonic Lodge Garibaldi, Ancona.] The periods at the
bottom. Reverse, Within a wreath of laurel on the left and oak on the right,
open at the top and tied with a bow of ribbon at the bottom, is the inscrip-
tion iriten lines, the second curving, a I Benedetto cairoli j che j fattoscudo

del sue PETn I IMPEDIVACHE UN' ARMA | SACRILEGA | FERISSE LA PATRIA | NEL RE

I XVII novembre I MDCccLxxviii . [To Benedetto Cairoli, who made a shield
of his breast and prevented a sacrilegious arm from depriving his country of
its King, November 17, 1878.] Copper. Size 25.*

1 This Medal, struck on the occasion mentioned of the Ancients and Mcfderna, when H. R. H. ihe Duke

on iw reverse, we describe from " Medallic Illustrations of Sussex was chosen Grand Master ; lo this the device

of British History," Vol. II, No. 381. The stone was of the clasped hands in the triangle is supposed to

laid by the Freemasons with full ceremonial, and in the allude. Learning of its existence by accident, I was

stone three holes were made.in one of which this Medal favored hy Mr. G. F. Hill, of the British Museum, with

was deposited; in another that described as No. XXXII, a description in August last; at Bro, Hughan's request,

and in the third that neit described in the text. Drum- he kindly wrote rne the particulars here given. It lias

mond. a Scottish officer, born in 16S7, was dittinguished since then been descrilied by Bro. Sadler, m the London

for his public spirit. He fought against the Pretender Freemason for Sept. 2, 1S93. As a matter of interest,

. 1715, and was chosen Lord Provost of Edinboro' in I mention thai in the same cabinet is an impression in

in raising the funds for tlie Exchange Building, as he presented in 1808 to the Rev. Edward Barry, D. D.,

had been in 1736, lor the Royal Edinboro' Innrmary. (Grand Chaplain of the Ancients Erom Dec. tj, 1791, 10

He died in 17^6^ the Union in iSrj), as appears by an engraved inscrip-

z This mule was used on the same occasion, but lion on the reverse, wiihm a laurel wreath (as described
whether struck for that c ' '

the volume guolc- _. ... .,

E " for Sep- mason loc. cit.

alluded 4 For mji description of this Medai, an impression

lo. of which is in the Lawrence collection, but which I have

3 Of (his little Medal, the smallest known Masonic, not yet seen, I am indebted to Bro. Theo. H. Emmons,

measuring only nine thirty-seconds of an inch, the only Ic appears 10 have been struck by the Lodge in honor

impression known is in the British Museum. It is be- of Cairoli, whose interposition preserved the King from

lieved to have been struck on the occasion of the Union an assassin.

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73 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [January,

DCCCCXLVII. Obverse, An equilateral triangle surrounded by rays
filling the field, and enclosing two children, seated on clouds, a five-pointed
star above them. Legend above, * jubile seculaire * and below, completing
the circle, D . ■ . de la bonne amitie . ■ . prim . • . scot . ■ . rit . • . in belgio.
[Centennial of the Lodge of Good Friendship. First of the Scottish Rite in
Belgium.] Reverse, Two branches of olive, open at the top and crossed and
tied with a bow at the bottom, enclose a shield bearing the arms of Belgium ;
sable, a lion rampant gold. A coronet having balls (not points) surmounts
the shield. A circle of dots separates the device from the legend, above,
OK .'. DE NAMUR and below, completing the circle, ♦•♦ 5769 5869 »••
[Orient of Namur, 1769, 1869.] A small square and compasses between the
two dates; under ths shield, very small, b. h. (initials of the engraver.)
Copper. Size 24.'

DCCCCXLVIII. Obverse, Bust in profile of the King to right. Be-
neath, in small letters, curving to the lower edge, c. g. fehrman Legend,
GUSTAVus ■ HI ■ D ■ G ■ REX svEciAE [Gustavus III, by the grace of God, King
of Sweden.] Reverse, A draped female figure (representing Latomia, or
the genius of Freemasonry) to the left, stands on a platform, and with her
right hand extended, places a wreath on a square altar, on which are flames ;
her left hand is extended upwards to the right ; a garland of roses hangs
from the corners of the altar, on the front of which appear the letters in two
lines, V. s. | l. m. At the right of the figure is a lion crouching having
between its paws a circular shield on which are the arms of Sweden, three
crowns, two over one. Below, on the edge of the platform, c. fehrman. in
small letters. Legend, pro reditu principis [For the return of the Chief.]
In exergue, a. mdcclxxxiv. [In the year 1784], and beneath is a cross-
crosslet. Silver and bronze. Size 36.'

DCCCCXLIX. Obverse, Clothed bust in profile, to left, of Dr. Dick-
son ; he wears the collar and cross of his office in the Rite, and his coat

I tn the Lawrence collection. The dies on sorat slruclc by the Swedish Masons, has been described un-

impressions show signs of brealcing, and I have seen der CCCCXXX, and another on his death (March 19,

but two impressions of the Medal; I presume it is 1793), under CCCCXXXVIL Gustavus was Grand

scarce. I read " Ptim." as an abbreviation of Prima, Master of the Swedish Freemasons, but the dates at

i. e., the First Lodge under the Scottish Rite. The which he assumed and resigned that office are given

Belgian Lodges seem to have practiced, in the earliei differently by different authorities. He was also Vica-

portlon of the last half of the eighteenth century, sev- rtus Satomonis, or head of the Rite of Strict Observ-

eral riles, the Scotch Philosophic, so-called, of eigh- ance, and of the Rite of Swedenborg. It would seem

teen degrees; the Refined Scottish, or Reformed from the Medal described under CCCCXXXVHI,

Ancient Kite, arranged as the successor of the Rite of that his brother, the Duke of Suder mania, succeeded

Perfection, after the Congress of Wilhelmsbad, and him in 1772; but I do not attempt to reconcile the dis-

subsequently the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, crcpancies, which have been discussed in the Notes on

The powerful opposition of the Roman Church obliged the Medals referred to. These discrepancies malce

the Belgian Masons to labor for a long period in the the interpretation of the letters on the front of the altai

most profound secresy, thongh Kenning's Cyclopedia somewhat difficult ; the Catalogue of the Worcester-

remarks that in 1770 their Lodges were numerous and shire (England) Collection says they are for Vota m/vit

prosperous; but it is difficult to substantiate the his- luieni mtriie, which may perhaps mean that Free-

lorical claims of many of the Lodges, especially those masonry (typified by the figure) gladly performs her

existing before 1787, in which year it was ordered that vows, for the safe return of one so deserving; or. as

all the Lodges without exception should be closed, has been suggested, yuarius Salamenis laeCtii tnaetat

under the most severe penalties for any infraction of (the Vicar ofSoloraon, or Head of the Order, rejoic-

Ihe edict. Most of the Lodges were thenceforward, or in^, honors him) ; in support of which it has been

until Belgium was for a time incorporated into the said that mactat, literally signifying ' honors,' carries

French Empire, in what may be termed a state of sus- with it the idea of honoring by a sacrifice or offering to

pended animation. The aoialled Ancient and Primi- the Deity, which interpretation seems to be sustained

e Rite, notwithstanding its name, did not exist at ihe by the device. My knowledge of the circumstances

time from which this Lodge dates its Centennial. attending its striking is not sufficient to enable me to

1 This Medal was struck to commemorate the safe re- decide, I am indebted to Bro. Shackles for a rubbing

turn of the King from his journeys to France uid Italy, of this Medal, which is

Aug. i, 17S4. A Medal on his birth (Jan '^'

I iUly,
1746),

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1894.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 73

extends to the edge of the Medal ; in front, curving to conform to the
circle which separates the legend from the field, a. lindberg in very small
letters, and behind, in similar style, m. lagerberg dir. Legend, d- charles ■
DICKSON • provincial-mastare ' I * GOTA * PROV.-LOGE [Dr. Charles Dickson,
Provincial Master of the Gothenburg Provincial Lodge.] Reverse, A draped
female figure (Latomia) standing, facing to the left ; in her right hand ex-
tended she holds a sprig of acacia, and in her left, which rests on the top of a
shield, a palm branch. The shield is blazoned with the arms of the Lodge : —
A cross, cantoned in the first quarter with a lion's head, langued and erased ;
in the second, a cherub's face, winged, affrontee ; in the third, an eagle's
head, langued, erased ; and in the fourth, an ox head couped ; on the fess
point, two C's interlaced and enclosing three small crowns surmounted by a
larger crown at the honor point. The tinctures are not indicated. Behind
the shield, at the right, is a perfect ashlar on which stands a Corinthian
column bearing a lighted Roman lamp ; on the left of the figure is seen the
head and fore paws of a sphinx, couching on a pedestal, on the left of which
stands a flaming tripod ; leaning against the ashlar and pedestal are the
square, compasses and trowel ; at the left, near the edge, in very small letters,
A. LINDBERG. Legend, on the right, vishet ■ stvrka • fagr!NG ■ [Wisdom,
Strength, Beauty.] In exergue, in three lines, card af broders karlekj
FOR 25 ARiGT NiTisKT ARBETE | DEN 28 OKT. 1883. [Tribute of brotherly love,
for twenty-five years' zealous labor, Oct. 28, 1883.] Silver and bronze.
Size 36.' w. T. R. M.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

SHELLING A BANK NOTE.

Whether the scent of a Bank Note bears any relation to Mtfdical Numismatics, I must
leave to some of your other correspondents to determine, but however that may be, it is a
curious fact that one gifted with " a good nose " can detect by the sense of smell the presence
of a Bank-note in a sealed envelope. A newspaper item says: — "There are several em-
ployees of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing who can select from a pile of letters all that
contain Bank bills by the scent alone, and make no mistake. This matter of the odor of
Notes was first called to the attention of the Government by a convicted letter-thief. He was
blindfolded and given a batch of four hundred letters, seven of which contained money. He
held the letters to his nose in rapid succession, and unerringly selected those which contained
the bills." NASO.

A LAFAVEITE MEDAL.

An old newspaper item says that when Gen. Lafayette paid his farewell visit to the
United States, in 1824, he visited, soon after landing in New York, a public school on the
comer of Hudson and Grove Streets, and after some interesting exercises, he presented the
scholars of the class with a medal bearing his likeness. Can any one inform us what this
medal was ? i»Qt;iRER.

I From Bro. Shackles, 10 whom I am indebted for at Gothenburg in which, in 1S5S, he was appointed

my knowledge of this Medal, I learn that Dr. Charles Piovincial Grand Master, and held the office unlil 1883,

Dickson, in whose honor it was struck, was bom in when he removed to Stodcholm. The two C's are the

1817, at Gothenburg, of Scotch parentage. Educated cipher of King Charles XIII, in whose reign the Lodge

at the University ot Upsala, he graduated in 1837, and was founded; the dies were by Lindberg, out Mr. Lag.

received his Medical degree; he practiced his profes- erberg, the Swedish namismatist, was intrusted by the

sion in Gothenburg until i860, when he retired ; since Lodge with making the necessary arrangements for

1867 he has been a member of the Swedish Parliament, striking them. The letters in the reverse legend, <

tt present is in the Upper House. He was made have tne proper Swedish accents for which we have
a mason in 1840, in Canongate Kilwinning Lodge, not the type.
Edinburgh, and returning to Sweden, joined the t.oc^e

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74 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [January,

CONSTELLATIONS ON COINS,

Obverse. Bust of Archbishop Sancroft to right wearing cap and canonical robes. Leg.
cviL. SANCROFT. ARCHiEPisc. CANTVAR. 1688. Rev. Seven stars (the Pleiades) in the midst
of the starry heavens. Leg. Qvis. restringet. pleiadvm. delicias? iob. c. 38. [Who will
bind the sweet influences of the Pleiades >'] Size 32. Silver. Dies by Bower. c.

COIN SALES.

maris-devlin sale.

Dr. Maris, of Philadelphia, although well-known in Numismatic circles and having done something
in the way of trading in coins, has never regarded hiniself as a dealer. Many fine and rare American
coins have passed through his hands, and he is credited with the first treatise on the Cents of 1794 and a
valuable work on the Cents of New Jersey. He has conducted but few auction sales, and none of them
of special importance. The last catalogue bearing his name, was that of the collection of the late John
Devlin, of Philadelphia, sold as the property of his widow, Mrs. Mary A. Devlin, at the house of Thos.
Birch's Son, Philadelphia, by Mr. Stan. V. Henkels, probably the most rapid selling auctioneer who ever
"knocked down" coins, easily disposing of the 961 lots in the time generally consumed to cry joo to 600
lots. The catalogue was rlther carelessly compiled, and should have been condensed into fewer lots by
several hundred. Some peculiarities of descripdon were indulged in; traudident pieces, such as altered
dates, denominated as " unofficial " — not clear to all : Lot 730 is catalogued as a second restrike ; 731 as
original, and 732 from original dies ; the last two are rather confusing, since both were originals, and there
are no restrikes where the original reverse die was used, and we know of no second restrifce. We quote,
PaiterHs: Cents of i8s4 and '55, several of each, 80c. 1856 Flying Eagle Cent in copper, proof, ^.00 ;
set of the 1858 Cent (ii) at 52c. Three Cents of 1850, Liberty Cap and rays, 1,50. Dollars: 1795,
both types, in good to fine condidon, ran from 1.85 10 2.50; 1796, m good condition, 2. 50 and 2.65;
'797' *t about the same ; 1798, thirteen stars, small eagle, v. f., 8.J0 ; 1799 over 'di, about uncirculated.
4.7J; 1801, unc, 18.00; 1802. v. f., 4.30; 1803. in like condidon, 4.00; 1^6, Ane, 625; 1850,
nnc, 4,30; 1851, do., 50.00; 1852, slight marks, 39.00; 1854, proof, 17.00; iSss, line, 5.35. HaljF
Dollars: 1794, good, 3.70; 1801, good, 3.00; i3o2, tine, 7.25 ; 1815, fine, 5.10; 1836, v. f., 3.00; several
of 1852, in fine to uncirculated condidon, 4.25 104.80. Quarter Dollars : 1804, very good, 3.50; 1824,
fine, 7.00; several in the '40s sold above 1.00. Dimes: 1802, v. g.. 4,30; 1804, do., better tnan usually
found, 30.00; 1823, v. f., 2.20. Half Dimes: 1797, line, 3.30; 180$, good for date, 4.00; 1846, v. g.,
2.00. Proof Sets: 1858, 43.50. The remainder, 1859 to '92, with some sets incomplete, were put up
ti^ther and brought 3.40 each. Cents: 1793, vine and bars, with few slight blemishes, 43.00; Liberty
Cap, foirly good, 10.00; 1794, Scarred Head, unc, some nicks, 16.00; 1795, lettered edge, line, wiui
some corrosion, j.oo ; 1796, Fillet Head, fine, 3.10 ; 1799. a really choice specimen, 77.00 ; another with
lower part of first 3 figures worn down, 10.00; 1802, partly red, 4.00; 1804, fine, corroded, 15.50; 1813,
fine, 3.60; 1828, small date, fine, 4.25. HalfCents: 1793, v. g., 3.30; 1805 and 1806, v. f., [.05; 1811,
restrike with an eariier reverse. 2.25; 1840, restrike. 11.25; proofs of 1841. 18.00; 1843, 19.00; 1844,
20.00; 1848, 20.00; 1852,9.75.

frossard's novembkr sale.

" An Object Lesson in Finance," was the tide under which Mr. Frossard catalogued and sold a varied
collection of Paper money, on the 14th of November, at the rooms of Jas. P. Silo, 45 Liberty Street, New
York. While not stricdy numismadc, nevertheless this subject seems to share with coins and medals the
study and pleasure of the numismatist. Many, however, confine themselves to Paper money, and their
numbers are steadily increasing. The field, although nearly limited to the past two centuries, alTords
scope for extensive study, involving, too, quite an outlay of one's spare change. The Colonial and Contin-
ental pordon contained litde wortny of mention, being chiefly the more common series, with a few of the
scarce notes sandwiched in the lots. The Yorktowns,Tots 63 to 65. proved to be counterfeits. They were
sold nevertheless, and brought (1.50--$ [.60 and $2.00 respectively. These are not without interest, even
though felse. They were engraved in England, while the colonies were struggling for independence, pos-
sibly with the tacit approval of the home government, as a means of watering the currency here. Still, they
should always be distinguished in catalogues fi^m the genuine notes, issued by the Continental Congress
datedat this place, which are really rarities. The United States Fractional Currency embraced representative
notes of most of the series, and brought very good prices. Three cent light curtains in strips of 2 and 3,
24 pieces brought 26c., and 23 more 25c. each ; the same with dark curtains, three lots of 6 each, brought
35 to 38c. Lot 91, specimens of obverse only with autographic signatures of JelTries and Spinner, $3.00;
another, lot 104, 10 Cents, with same signatures, separate front and back, red back, $2.75. Grant and
Sherman 15 Cent Essays, front and back separate, green back, $5.70, and red back, (5.80, both with
wide margins. A Woodstock, Vermont, note for ti.75 brought $2.35. Notes of the Banque Royal,
established by John Law in 1720, for 100, 50 and 10 Li\Tes, $2.60 each. An Assignat of 1791, for 100
Livres, with a New York endorsement, (4.50. The Confederate notes for ti,ooo, (500 and $100
issued at Montgomery, were sold together for $87.50. The two larger denominations were cancelled.
tioo Richmond, cancelled, and a piece off from edge, $1.50; $50 neariy fine, $400. The fs note en-
graved by Manrouvier at New Orleans, cancelled, very good, (6.00. A long line of the several issues, to
Its close in February 17, 1864. catalogued singly, and grouped up to 26 pieces, brought nominal prices.

dbyGoogk

i894.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 75

witb ODC alone reachine tz.oo. The sale closed with 17 lots of Essays of United Stales Fractional Cur-
rency, and were limited to prices s;iven in the catalogue, and as they were all sold for just these figures, it
is presumed there was a bidder »^o was satisfied to take them all at the ■' fixed price auction rate," — a
departure from the Auction sale "without reserve" on title page, which might have been omitted.

ALOIS HESS.

MoNS. Alois Heiss, a distinguished French ntjmismatist, died at Aulnay, near
Iceaux, France, on the 21st of May last. He was born at Paris, January 8, 1820, and
was therefore in the seventy-fourth year of his age. His contributions to numismatics
were of the highest value. His " Descripcion Generale de las Monedas Hispano-
Cristianas des de invasion de los Arabes," was cited with the highest commendations
by the late Mr. J. C. Brevoort, in bis papers on early Spanish coinage in America,
printed in the _/ouma/ some years ago, and he discussed not merely the coinage of the
Spanish peninsula under the Christian Kings, but its monetary issues from the earliest
period and in the time of the Visigoths as well. Of the three volumes, the first was
published at Madrid in 1865-9, ^^^ others at Paris in 1870 and '72. His sumptuous
work on the Italian medallists of the Renaissance, was a most valuable contribution
to the science ; of this, nine parts have appeared, the first in 1881, and the last in 1892,
and the concluding portion of his labors on this interesting subject was nearly ready
for publication when he died. He had contemplated, also, a work on Charles the
Fifth and his times, in which the numismatic history of that period would have had a
prominent place, but whether he had brought it so near completion that it may here-
after be published, we have not ascertained.

His work had received the most marked approval of various learned societies
abroad ; he was an honorary member of the Royal Academy of History, Madrid, of the
London Numismatic Society, and of the Royal Numismatic Society, of Belgium ; twice
he was the recipient of special honors from the French Institute, and he had repeatedly
been complimented by other honorary distinctions. His tabors have certainly not been
excelled if indeed they have been equalled by the most indefatigable students of the
science in our day.

WILLIAM HENRY VVADDINGTON.

MoNS. Waddington, formerly French Ambassador to England, died on the 12th
January at Paris. He was born in France of English parentage in 1826, and was
educated at Rugby and at Trinity College, England, where he won the Chancellor's
Medal. Of his eminent public services we da not propose to speak, for it was bis
labors in the cause of Archaeology and Numismatics, which make his death regretted
by the lovers of these kindred sciences. He was a member of the Society of Anti-
quaries of France, and occupied his leisure in the study of Greek Archaeology. He
was an accepted authority on ancient coins, medals and inscriptions, and in 1865 was
elected a Member of the French Academy of Inscriptions and Belles Lettres. His
wife, formerly Miss King, was an American lady.

FRANCO-RUSSIAN MEDAL.

The recent visit of the Russian fleet to the port of Toulon was commemorated by
a Medal struck by funds raised by a popular subscription, made by the women of
France, impressions of which were presented to the wives and mothers of the Russian
officers. The obverse bears an anchor surmounted by an ornamental tablet, on which
is the name of the port visited by the French fleet, cronstadt, in Russian letters, and
below, that of the French port, toulon, with the date 1891 above and 1893 below.
The reverse has devices suitable to the occasion, of which no particular description
has reached us.

Digitized by CjOO*^IC

76 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [January, 1894.

EDITORIAL.

The officials in charge of the awards for Exhibitors at the Columbian Exposition have
established their ofRce in Washington, and have a year's work before them in completing the
records, and distributing the Diplomas and Medals. It will be remembered that Congress
provided (or Bronie Medals only, no graded awards of silver and gold being given. This
plan has met with much opposition, not only from the foreign exhibitors, but from certain
interests connected with the Exposition. In an interview with Mr. John Boyd Thacher, of
Albany, Chairman of the Executive Committee on Awards, which has recently been printed,
that gentleman makes a vigorous and we think a very satisfactory defence of the plan of
award, and says, " that the number to be given out will be forty per cent, less than was ever
given at any World's Fair, in proportion to the number of exhibitors."

Owing to delay in receiving return proofs from the authors of articles in the present
number, we are enabled to give some additional notes relative to the Columbian Medal design
prepared by Mr. St. Gaudens. The reverse as originally submitted, was to have, as mentioned
on a previous page of this issue, a figure of youth, symbolizing the young Republic. By some
carelessness, as we see it reported, some unauthorized person obtained a view of this design,
and made a drawing of it from memory, in which the nude figure of the youth assumed an
offensive appearance : this seems to have evoked a Senatorial protest against the original
design. So many contradictory reports are in circulation that it seems impossible at this
moment to give the truth. One story is that the model was sent to Paris, to be reduced to
proper size, but Mr. St. Gaudens, in an interview, is quoted as saying that the United States
Mint has the designs and is preparing the dies ; this we hope for the credit of American
Numismatic art will prove to be the case. The objection raised by some super-sensitive minds
to a nude figure, on a medal of the size contemplated, if true, is absurd ; that Secretary
Carlisle has rejected the design because it " Is grossly indecent," we cannot believe, notwith-
standing Senator Vilas is quoted by a correspondent of the World, as the authority, and the
names of other Senators are freely used. Opinions of artists and sculptors are much better
authority as to the merits of the design, — and so far as we have learned, they are unanimous in
its approval. We prefer therefore to wait for further developments before giving credence to
the reports or expressing any opinion.

Since the first portion of this number was printed, we see it announced that the name of
the artist who designed the bust of Columbus on the A. N. & A. Society's Medal is James M.
Whitehouse.

The interesting New York Wesleyan Medal described on pages 69-70 by a correspon-
dent, will we hope be investigated, by some of our friends in that city, as suggested in the
article. While the legend seems familiar, we have as yet found no reference to the piece in
the Catalogues of the larger sales, most of which have been examined in the hope that some
reference to it might be discovered.

CURRENCY.

r occupation ?

a coin collector, your Honor I
Two Chinamen robbed a bank messenger, near Hong Kong, of 300 taels. They were
caught and decapitated within forty-eight hours. Taels you win, heads you lose, as the mes-
senger remarked.

OUR MARY ANN.

She sighs not for great riches, from further toil to stop her;
Her dream of bliss is satisfied, when fortune brings a "Copper."

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CATALOGUES.

We have to announce that oew editions of our CaiaLogaes are in preparation.

The completenuss an<l comptehensiveaesa of our various publications are too wet! known to render
any special description of them necessary. We are, however, expending a considerable amount of time
and money in enlarging upon former editions.

The 17th edition of our

COPPER CATALOQUE

is NOW READY. It contains upwards of 150 new illustrations specially prepared for this edition.
The man;r new coins which have appeared during the past two and a half years will be found accurately
noted. The English. French and German Colonies have been I i ben I ly supplied, and in other way* a
much larger tictd has been covered ihan ever before attempted in a sale catalogue.

The native names of countries, etc , will br found with the corresponding English. The old
names of places are given, together with the new ; alsi) those which appear in Latin, and some are
shown on the coins in no other f>irm, IVlonogram.H have been noted and a table of them is furnished,
thus making recognition of many coins of ihe (German Slates of the 16th to l8th Century an easy matter.
The Reigns of Sovereigns and those under whom coins were struck is given ; also, in many cases,
the arms of the city or country, and the name of the Patron Saints, frequently Ihe only means of
identification. The American Colonial. U. .S.. anil Canadian series have had particular attention, and a
simple and easily understood explanation of the ■■ Heraldry of Coins'" ha-i been added, and a copious

Every collector or student, whether of long or short experience in the science, will find these cata-
logues of great utility', in fact almost affording a small library in itself. Our new

GOLD AND SILVER CATALOGUE

will appear early in the coming autumn, containing changes and improvements quite as extensive as in the
Copper edition.

PRICE 50 CENTS EACH.

We arc also preparing a very exhaustive catalogue of

PAPER MONEY.

In addition to the Colonial, Continental. U. S. Fractional Currency and Confederate Slates issues, will be
given the most complete list of BROKKN BANK BILLS known at various times as "Wildcat."
■■ Red Dog," etc., that careful research of months has enabled us 10 obtain. There will also be a lisi
of private issues (which were commonly called " Shin-plaster." following the i>eriod of Hard Times).
1( includes those uttered )iy merchants and imlividuals from the earliest period following the Continental
scries to the close of the War of the Rebellion. The Hard Times period, 1834 to 1841, and the War
of the Rebellion issues (north and south) furnish a large portion
The nth edition of our

PRKMIUM LIST

or prices we pay for certain American Colonial and U. S, Gold, Silver and Copper Coins, (with a
Canadian supplement), a COMPLETE LI3T OF THE RARE DATES, is now ready. Many new
cuts arc for the first lime used in this edition, and the number of pages has been increased.

Send for our new 52 page circular, POCKET EDITION, with full list of
cheap packets and sets, with much information regarding stock v/c keep and
our manner of doing business. Mailed free on application.

SCOTT STAMP AND COIN COMPANY, L'd,

18 East 23d Street, New York, N. Y.

dbyGoogk

Two DollaR) a Year, in Advance. [&.icr^ -i Po.i office. Uowoo-MSeconJCiaM Rai«i Single Copies, 50 Cta.

Vol. XXVIII.— No. 4.] [Whole No. 144.

AMERICAN
JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS

AND

bulletin of american numismatic and
archaeological societies.

April, 1894.

— Ilor.. £a

1. a. 66.

- BOSTON:
PUBLISHED QUARTERLY,

WILLIAM T. K. MARVIN,

Oi THK Boston NiiMrsMATrc .Six;iErv.

LYMAN il. LOW,
NlJMlSM.VnC ANri ARrHAeOI.OCrCAL Sm;iETV. Nev
F.niTOKS.

VO.K.

■^IJHSCKnTEONS RECEIVED BV

T. R. MARVIN & -SON, I'hwtf.ks and Puiii,i,SHEK5i.

73 FEOPIKAL STREET. BOSTON, MASS.

SCOTT STAMI' AND COIN CO.. L'n.. 18 V.. TWENTY-THIRD ST., NEW YORK CITY.

S. H. & H. CHAPMAN.

1348 i'lNlC STREET, i'HlLADKLI'HIA.

All Communications to bt atiUrtssetl to W. T. R. Makvin, 73 Fedfral Street, Hoston, Mass.

Digitizeid by CjOOQIC

CONTENTS.

The Draper Medal, 77

The American Numismaiic and Archseolo^cal Society's Columbian Medal, . 78

The McCall Medal 79

A Belle-Isle Medal, 80

Metals Proposed for'Token Coins 81

An Old Wampum Belt 8t

The Medals, Jetons, and Tokens Illustrative of the Science of Medicine, . 82

Numismatics in China, 86

To Encourage Historical Study, 8g

Some Columbian Medals, 87

The Ahlborn Columbian Medal, 88

The Zearing Columbus and Lincoln Medals 89

PKOCEEurNcs OK Societies r —

American Numismatic and Archaeological Society, 90

Dollar of 1804 92

Masonic Medals, '. 93

A Barcelona Columbian Medal, 98

A Washington Centennial Medal, 99

The Converse Medal for Painters and Sculptors, ...... 100

An Undescribed Whiiefield Medal .101

Notes and Queries: —

The Wesley Medal. ^ Hudson Hay Tokens. — Medal for the President of
Harvard University. — A Canadian Medal. — John Hull's Mint. —

Uog Dollars. — Kentucky Coppers, 100, loi

Protection of Coins 102

The Arago Prize 102

Coin Sales ; —

Stetliner Collection. — Chapmans' Sale. — Scott Stamp and Coin Co.'s

One Hundred and Twenty-tiflli Sale, — Frossard's Sale. . . .103
Obituary ; —

George Hampden Loveit. —Jules Urette. — Charles Gustave Thieme, 104, lo;

Early Stale Copper Coinage 105

Book Notices ; —

American Colonial History, llluslraled by Contemporary Medals. — Illus-
trated History of Coins and Tokens Relating to Canada, . 106, 107

Editorial 107

Currency, 108

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Digitized by ^OOQIt'

AMERICAN

JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS,

AND

Bulletin of American Numismatic and Archaeological Societies.
Vol. XXVIIl. BOSTON, APRIL, 1894. No. 4.

THE DRAPER MEDAL.

The name of Draper has for more than half a century been familiar to
European and American scientists ; Dr. John William Draper, the first to
give it prominence in this country, was born in Liverpool, England, in 181 1.
He came to the United States in 1833, and almost immediately began the
study of Medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated
in 1836. His abilities were speedily recognized, and in 1839 he was ap-
pointed to the Professorship of Chemistry, in the University of the City of
New York : two years later he aided actively in the establishment of the
Medical College of that institution, and long occupied the Chair of Physiology
in this department. His contributions to scientific literature were numerous
and important, and he devoted much attention to the subject of the chemical
action of light, on which he published several valuable papers. It was most
natural, therefore, that the son should not only have inherited the scientific
tastes and eminent abilities of the father, but should early have chosen to
follow the line of investigation to which the elder Draper had devoted so
large a portion of his life.

Henry, son of Dr. John W. Draper, was born in Prince Edward County,
Virginia, March 7, 1837. A student in the University of the City of New
York for two years, entering when he had but just passed his fifteenth birth-
day, he graduated from the Medical department in 1858 and began the
practice of his profession, passing about a year and a half on the staff of the
Bellevue Hospital. When only twenty-three he succeeded his father as
Professor of Physiology in the University, and from 1866 to 1873 was also a
Professor in its Medical College. He made several important discoveries in
photo-chemistry, and published a number of articles on photography, spec-
troscopy, and similar topics, which attracted marked attention.

In 1874 he was appointed by Congress to superintend the photographic

department of the Commission to observe the transit of Venus, and for

several months he was actively engaged in organizing, experimenting, and

VOL. XXVIIL 10

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78 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [April,

giving instruction in the delicate work of that Expedition. At the last mo-
ment ne was prevented by home duties from joining the party of observation,
but the value of his services was recognized by Congress in the award of a
gold medal.

Dr. Henry Draper died November 20, 1882, at the early age of forty-
five. To honor the memory of her distinguished husband, his widow endowed
a Fund, which she presented to the National Academy of Sciences, the
interest of which is to be applied to give a Medal, every two years, for the
best scientific research in the same field in which Dr. Draper had accom-
plished so much — Physics applied to Astronomy. Mrs. Draper ordered the
dies from Mons. Chaplain, of Paris, and, by her kindness, we are enabled to
give cur readers the illustration of the Medal, printed with this number of
the Journal.

The obverse shows a clothed bust of Dr. Draper, to left, three-quarter
facing, and the legend gives his name, and the dates of his birth and death ;
on the field, over the left shoulder, appears the name of the die-cutter, in
very small letters. The reverse has the inscription, in five lines, over a tablet
for the name of the recipient, presented | by the | national academy | of
SCIENCES I TO Behind the tablet is a spray of laurel, the leaves of which fill
the vacant space left on the field below the fourth line of the inscription ;
legend, separated from the field by a circle of small dots, henry ■ draper ■
MEDAL ■ FOR ' DISCOVERIES ' IN ■ ASTRONOMICAL * PHYSICS • Our engraving is
from an original sent to Mrs. Draper by Mons. Chaplain, and the tablet
bears her name (struck, not engraved), showing the method to be used in
placing thereon the recipients' names, when the Medals are struck.

The Medal has been given three times in this country, as we learn
from Mrs. Draper, — first, to Prof. Samuel P. Langley, now of the Smith-
sonian Institution, Washington; then, to Prof. £. C. Pickering, of the
Harvard College Observatory ; and third, to Prof. Henry A. Rowland, of
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Last year it was presented
to Prof. Vogel, of Potsdam, Germany.

THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL
SOCIETY'S COLUMBIAN MEDAL.

In the last number of the yournal a description of this Medal was given,
with an illustration ; in the concluding paragraph some matters of common
report regarding the piece were mentioned, but as distinctly stated, without
vouching for their accuracy, and we took occasion to add that for the sake of
American numismatic art we should be glad to know that these rumors —
having in mind more especially the report that, although the design was pro-
duced here, the dies were engraved abroad — had no foundation. It is now
evident that some of these reports were inaccurate. The attribution of the
design to Mr. Whitehouse was correct, and the statement that there are in
America but two "reducing machines" for cutting dies from a large model,
has not been contradicted. The reputation of the Journal is too well estab-
lished to need any disclaimer from its conductors of intentional injustice in

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I894-] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 79

its criticisms, and we are glad to learn from the highest authority that the dies
of this Medal were engraved in New York, and incidentally, that Messrs.
Tiffany & Co., who brought out the Medal for the Society, have in their own
establishment facilities for engraving dies, as well as for designing or striking
any Medal the preparation of which may be intrusted to them. They write
us as follows : —

The Medal was designed by Mr. James H. Whitehouse, who for more than thirty
years has been prominent as one of our chief designers. The head was modelled and
the die cut here by Mr. Wm. Walker, one of our corps of die-sinkers, and the entire
work was done in one of our shops in Union Square, under the supervision of Mr.
Whitehouse. No medal has been struck in gold bronze, but some bronze medals have
been treated with gold and tellurium and have been greatly admired. We shall not
hesitate to bid for the cutting of the dies for the World's Fair award, if it be open to
competition, but we understand that the dies are already being cut at the Mint. We
have already made bids for producing the medals from dies to be supplied by the Mint,
stating price and the number we will guarantee to deliver daily until the order is
completed, and should we receive the order the entire work will be done in our shops
in New York. It is true we have no machine for reducing from model, but wc have
at our command such skilled workmen that our experience justifies us in entering into
competition for any work that may be offered.

THE McCALL MEDAL.

The attention of American numismatists will unquestionably be devoted,
at no distant day, to gathering and publishing careful and complete lists of
local issues, — especially of the older cities of the United States; while these
rarely have any great value as works of medallic art, yet as contributions to
local history, as means of establishing the dates or perpetuating the memory
of events which otherwise would be forgotten, they are of great importance.
The yournal has always endeavored to record such descriptions, whether of
Medals relating to matters of national interest, or of those having a much
more restricted field ; and to show how valuable a treasure-house of informa-
tion in such directions its tiles have proved, it is only necessary to glance at
the references to its pages given in the recent publication entitled " American
Colonial History illustrated by Contemporary Medals."

A Medal of John A. McCall, President of the New York Life Insurance Company,
has been executed recently by the Gorham Manufacturing Company, and from its
artistic design and fine execution commends itself to favorable mention, and a place
among those American Medals which rise above the cheap campaign, celebration and
toy medals in general ; it is of interest also as belonging to the local series of New
York issues.

The obverse has the bust, extending to border, of the gentleman named, with
the coat double-breasted. The features are fine and well brought out. Legend : john
A. M'^CALL PRESIDENT NEW-YOKK LIFE INSURANCE CO. On the reverse IS an American
eagle, at left, with wings outspread, standing before and over an eyrie, from which
two eaglets are craning to catch the food which it carries in its beak ; the nest rests
on two branches, joined in centre by ribbon tied in bow. This device is the seal of
the Company, and typifies probably, the prudential objects of life insurance. Impres-
sions have been struck in silver and bronze, with a few examples in white metal. Its
size is 52 millimetres or 32 American scale.

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [APRI^

A BELLE-ISLE MEDAL.

There is at the present time in the possession of a New York collector, an
interesting Medal relating to the capture of Belle-Isle, which perhaps may be of
sufficient rarity to merit a description in the Journal, as we have not seen any account
of it in print. The obverse has a youthful bust of George III, to left, in armor,
draped ; he wears a wig, the hair tied with a bow, and flowing locks below. Legend,
GEORGivs ■ TERTivs ' REX This obversc die was used on the piece struck in 1762,
sometimes called the " Pax auspicata" from its bearing those words, which anticipated
the signing of the Treaty of Paris the following year, at the close of the Seven Years'
War, and which commemorated British victories in the West Indies, Newfoundland,
etc. [See Belts, "American Colonial Medals," 441.]

The reverse has a view of a rocky island, with several ships — five or more — in
the sea, at the right. Legend, above, on a ribbon with forked ends, instat ■ vi ■
PATRiA and in exergue, in three lines, calonesus ■ capta | vii ■ iunii | hdcclxi ■
The edge is plain ; copper. Size 41 millimetres.

The date on the Medal as given in the exergue shows that this piece relates
to the little island off the coast of France, although there was an affair not far from
the Straits of Belle-Isle, and near an island of the same name at their entrance
between Labrador and Newfoundland, to which there is an allusion on the " Pax
auspicata;" this occurred the following year, [Sept. 18, 1762,] but we have been able to
find very little reference to the battle in the authorities consulted.

The capture of the island was accomplished by a squadron under Viscount
Augustus Keppel, whose previous exploit in the taking of Goree is mentioned on the
Medal already referred to ; he had aided Hawke in the battle with Conflans, and for
these services was made Rear Admiral in 1761. Keppel was the son of William, the
second Earl of Albemarle, an eminent soldier and statesman, who was a son of
Arnold Van Keppel, a favorite of William III, and who had accompanied him to
England in 1688, and served as General in the wars against Louis XIV. The King
created him first Earl of Albemarle for his services. The family of Monke, who had
held a similar title (Duke of Albemarle,) in the reign of the Charleses and under
Cromwell, had become extinct. The obverse legend, which is part of line 491, in Book II
of the Aeneid, — " He presses on with ancestral vigor," — alludes to the distinguished
services of the elder Keppels. The Admiral was raised to the peerage as Viscount,
April 8, 1782, and died four years later,

Belie-Isle-en Mer (so-called to distinguish it from Belle-Isle-en-Terre, a small
town in the Department of Cdtes-du-Nord), is the ancient Calonesus, a word of Greek
derivation meaning exactly Belle-Isle, or the Beautiful Island, and belongs to France.
It is eight miles south of Quiberon Point, and has an area of six by eleven miles ;
although nearly surrounded by rocks, it has a few small ports and good anchor^e.
The waters adjoining its shores have frequently witnessed the conflicts between the
fleets of France and England. October 14, 1747, Rear Admiral Lord Edward Hawke
defeated the French fleet in sight of the island, for which he was made Knight Com-
mander of the Bath : Nov. 20, 1759, the same officer defeated Marshal Conflans, in
command of a French squadron in Quiberon Bay, between Bclle-Isle and the main
land, and in June, 1761, the island was captured by the British, who held it until 1763.
It had served as a place of refuge for the French cruisers, from which they were able
greatly to annoy British commerce. All of these victories are commemorated by
medals — the latter by the piece under notice. [See Betts, 418 and 441.]

We are reminded by the accounts of the narrow escape of H. M. S. Resolution,
from foundering, not very far away from this island, that another Resolution was lost
in the great victory off Quiberon, mentioned above, when "Britain triumphed, Hawke
commanded." In that battle the French lost four ships of the line destroyed, and
two were taken : the Resolution and Essex ran upon a sandbank and were lost with a
portion of their crews. Three others of the same name had previously come to an

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1894.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 8i

untimely end by battle, fire, or wreck. The first had borne the flag of Admiral
Robert Blake, whose great victory over Van Tromp in May, and DeWitt in Septem-
ber, 1652, gave such lustre to his name; some time later when the Duke of Albemarle
defeated De Ruyter and Van Tromp in the battle when the latter was slain, she was
burned by a fire-ship, — the only one lost by the British, against twenty sail of the
enemy taken or sunk, and this victory also had a medallic record. Forty years after,
another Resolution was run ashore after an engagement with six of the enemy's ships
off the Spanish coast, and burned by her commander to save her from falling into
their hands : and again, in 1710, a third ship of the name was wrecked near the same
spot, off Barcelona. The later record was more favorable; on a medal struck to
commemorate the return of Captain James Cook, from his second voyage around the
world, we find the Resolution named as one of his vessels. [Betts, 552,]

These items connecting ships of the same name with events transpiring at no
very great distance from each other and the little island, though occurring at
somewhat distant intervals, nearly all of them being commemorated by what the
old writers called "numismatic monuments," may be of interest to lovers of coinci-
dences, u.

METALS PROPOSED FOR TOKEN COINS.
It has been suggested that an excellent material for small coins would
be steel. They would be almost indestructible, and a trifling alloy of nickel
would prevent them from rusting. As the minor pieces are mere tokens,
their intrinsic value is of no consequence. All sorts of odd metals have been
minted by various nations. Tin coins were issued by Roman Emperors.
Tin farthings were struck by Charles II, a stud of copper being inserted in
the middle of each piece to render counterfeiting more difficult ; this sub-
stance would on some accounts make excellent Cents, being white, free from
corrosion, and of higher intrinsic value than copper. But its softness and
tendency to bend and break makes it impossible to use it to advantage. One
kind of money issued by James II was composed of a mixture of old guns,
broken balls, waste copper, second-hand kitchen utensils and other refuse.
The circulation of a rotten currency is the last resort of monarchs in trouble.
In fact, kings have been the great counterfeiters of the world.

AN OLD WAMPUM BELT.
A WAMPUM belt which played a prominent part in the history of New York over
two centuries ago, is exhibited in the County Clerk's office in Kingston, N. Y. It is
thirty inches long, three inches wide, and is made of seven cords of tow, between
which are rows of innumerable beads made from shells. In times past, when wampum
was the Indian's only money, this belt was of great value. On May 15, 1664, in Fort
Amsterdam, this belt was given by the Indians after ratification of a treaty between
the sachems of several Indian tribes in this county and the director general of the
province, with the various Dutch officials, one of whom was Thomas Chambers of
Wiltwyck. After the belt had been given by the Indians in ratification of the treaty,
it was placed among the official records, and has been preserved in a good state to the
present time.

When the early Cents with the chain reverse were issued, the Boston Argus for March
26, 1793, said — "The American Cent docs not answer our expectation. The chain on the
reverse is a bad omen for Liberty, and Liberty heraelf appears to be in a fright. May she cry
out in the words of the Apostle, 'Alexander, the coppersmith, has done me much harm ; the
Lord reward him according to his works.' " The quotation is a hackneyed one, but in this
case the reference was to Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasur}'.

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [April,

THE MEDALS, JETONS, AND TOKENS ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE
SCIENCE OF MEDICINE.

BY DR. HORATIO B. STORER, NEWPORT, R. I.
[CondDusd from Vol. XXVIII, p. ta.]

[Before continuing with the English personal pieces, I insert descriptions of some
additional American Medals, of which I have lately obtained particulars.]

IV. SOUTH AMERICA.

e. ARQENTINE RBPUBI.IC-
A. Perianal.
706. Obverse. Laureated bust of Aesculapius. Inscription : bsculapio.
Reverse, onore al merito — al dottore luigi izzo. gli auici d.d.d. V.
HABZO 1890. BUENOS AIRES. Gilt.

Rosa, Monetario Americano, Buenos Ayres, 1892, p. 166, No. 550.

B. I. Medical C<illeget.
joy. Obverse. Armorial shield. Inscription : la pacultad de CIENCIAS itE-
DICAS DE BUENOS AIRES.

Reverse. Within laurel : preuio higiene internacional 1888. Bronze.
Ibid., p. 146, No. 493.

708. Obverse. Arms of the province. Inscription : facultad de ciencias
HEDICAS DE BUENOS AIRES.

Reverse. Within olive and laurel branches, an open book, with medical em-
blems. Inscription : pbemio manuel augusto montes da oca. concvrsos de
CIRURJIA and 1890. Bronze.

Ibid., p. 149, No. 503.

B. 2. Hospitats.

709. Obverse. Within laurel wreath, with star above : an frav lvisa ocampo
de behberg. Inscription : oer Deutsche hospital verein zu buenos aires * con-
cert 17 AUGUST 1870 •

Reverse. A boolt, upon which ; charitas wreathed by flowers and surmounted
by star ; instruments of music, etc. Bronze.
Ibid., p. 506, No. 1532.

D. Epidemict.

Cholera.

710. Obverse. Charity, upon a crescent. Inscription : la municipalidad db
bahia blanca.

Reverse. Between palm leaves, the staff of Aesculapius. Inscription : premio

A LA ABNEGACION ETERCIDA DURANTE LA EPIDEHIA DE COLERA IS86-1887. Plated.

Ibid., p. 146, No. 491.

711. Obverse. Within laurel wreath; colera dr 1886-1887. Exergue: r.

GRANDE.

Reverse. Device as on reverse of preceding. Inscription : al d* arhaldo can-
toni el pueblo de la PLATA. Bronze, gilt.
Ibid., p. 161, No. 531.

712. Obverse. Shield of the city of Salta. Inscription: el vecindario del

PUEBLO DE CORRILLOS AGRADECIDO.

Reverse. Device as on reverse of preceding. Inscription : al d? adolfo m.
CASTRO. Exergue: epidemia del colera 1887. Bronze, gilt.
Ibid., p. 163, No. 537.

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1894-] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 83

713. Obverse. Shield of the city of San Luis. Inscription : el pueblo dk

MERCEDES AL D? A. FERRAND. ExergUe : AGRADECIDO.

Reverse. Within laurel, the staff of Aesculapius. Inscription : epidemia del
COLEBA ♦ ANO 1886-1887. Bronze, gilt.

Ibid., p. 163, No. 539.

In addition, and of a more general character, there may be mentioned :

714. Obverse. Two river gods, with waterworks in baclcground. republica
ARGEKTINA | DIRECTOR ■ EMILIO CASTRO | INGENIERO -JUAN COGHLAN I DICIEMBRE D«
1869

Reverse. Within field : gobernador (etc., etc.) Inscription : provision de agua
FILTRADA A LA CUIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES | DECRETO DEL GOBIERNO. DICIEMBRE 2}
DE 1867.

Ibid., p. 527, fig.

715. Obverse. A fountain. Exergue : bubnos aires | 1868

In the collection of the American Num. and Arch. Society.

1. URUGUAY.
D. EpiJtmiei.

Cholera.

716. Obverse. Arms of the Republic. Inscription : AL dr. jacobo z. bbrra.
ayacucho 1887.

Reverse. Within laurel : sus ahigos a noubre de la huhanidad agradbcida
Exergue : grande. Bronze, gilt.
Rosa, loc. cit., p. 162, No. 533.

V. THE UNITED STATES.
A. Ptriimal Jtftdali.
Dr. Louis Agassiz.
In addition to Nos. loi and 102, there proves to be a third.

717. Larger than No. 102, which also occurs in silver, and similar, save as fol-
lows. Upon obverse there is no dot after sc. Upon reverse there are no dots after
1807 and 1873 ; upon each laurel branch there are eight berries instead of twelve ; the
folds of the ribbon uniting the branches are different; and the inverted torches
instead of hanging in mid-air, rest upon a strip of earth. Bronze. 40. 63 nim.

In my collection.

718. Dr. Henry Draper (1837-1882), of New York. See illustration and pre-
vious page of this number of the Journal.

B. I and z. MtdUal ColUgti ami HoifitaU.

Brooklyn, N. Y.

719. Obverse. Within circle, the staff of Aesculapius, upright, but reversed.
Inscription : long island college hospital Exergue : a hand to left, with scalpel.

Reverse. Within circle : TO | — | for best | surgical clinical | report | of
A case in the I hospital I depT [Groups of dashes for which we have no type,
precede and follow several lines.] Inscription : dudlev' memorial medal Exergue;
a burning antique lamp. Gold, bronze. 24. 38 mm.

In my collection.

New York.

University of the City of New York. (Dr. Valentine Mott.)

720. Similar to No. 146, save that engraver's name is absent from exergue of
reverse. Silver. 22. 33 mm.

In my collection.

I Theynwrrea/, 1891, p. 73.

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84 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [An.lL,

The Nurses' Guild of St. Barnabas.

721. Obverse. Within a beaded oval, a cross with iloreated tips. Legend :

+ THE + UERCIPUL + ARE + BLESSED

Reverse. Within a similar oval, the field filled with small crosses. Inscription :
GUILD + OF I + ST. BARNABAS + (aCfOSS field) | FOR * 1866 * NURSES BrOnZC. IS X 18.

23 X 28 mm.

I have the description from Prof. S. Oettinger of New York.

F. C Pkarmadsts' ieitnt.

722. Obverse, w. D. crumbie | soda | water ] cor. of bowery & houstok
ST. (N. Y.)

Reverse. Blank, German silver. i6. 25 mm. Extremely rare.
In the collection of Mr. F. W. Doughty of Brooklyn, New York.

VI. GREAT BRITAIN-

I have learned of the following British personal medals that belong within the
limits of our previous enumeration.

Roger Bacon (1214-1294), of Oxford. He was not only theologian, but "medi-
cijs."*

723. Obverse. Bust, to right. Upon shoulder : gayrard f. Inscription : rogb-

BIUS - BACON

I — I H.DCCC.XV1II. J DURAND EDiDiT Bronze. 20. 39 mm.

Rudolphi, p. 6, No. 23 ; Kluyskens, I, p. 33 ; Ibid., Cat., p. 94, No. 19 ; Duis-
burg, p. 216, DLXXV; Ibid., Cat., p. 64, No. 729.

In the U. S. Mint Collection and my own.

Dr. Anthony Fothergill,

724. Similar to No. 642, save that exergue of obverse is vacant, and engraver's
name is absent from reverse. Bronze. 28. 44 mm.

In my collection. The A. Fothergill medal of the Royal Humane Society will
be hereafter described, under Medical Societies.

Dr. John Borthwick Gilchrist (1759-1841), Surgeon E. India Company's Service.

725. Obverse. Bust facing, and slightly to right. Beneath c(arl). voiGT. In-
scription : JOHN BORTHWICK GILCHRIST. BORN I759. DIED 184I.

Reverse. Winged female, seated and facing, instructing three children. Ex-
ergue : FIAT Lvx. Bronze. 36. 56 mm.

Communicated to me by Dr. F. P. Weber of London.

Dr. Richard Greene (1716-1793), of Lichfield.

To be described hereafter, under F, b, Irregular Practitioners.

Dr. John Howard.

726. Similar to No. 694 (date 1795), but upon rim: payable at the ware-
house LIVERPOOL X >: X Copper. 18. 29 mm.

In my collection.

727. Similar to No. 675, but upon rim : payable in Anglesey London or
LIVERPOOL. Copper. 18. 29 mm.

In the collection of Mr. F. C. Browne of Framingham, Mass,

I here resume the regular sequence.

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1894.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 85

Dr. John Hunter (1728-1793), of London.

728. Obverse. Head, to left. Upon truncation: d. macpiiail sc. Inscription:
JOANNES HUNTER MDCCXXViri-HDCCXClIl.

Reverse. As those of Drs. Joseph Black, No. 606, Wm. Cullen, No. 628, and one
of Wm. Hunter. Upon rim, name, date, and class of recipient, engraved. Silver,
bronze. 44. 70 mm.

Cochran- Patrick, p. 153, No. 12; Storer, T/te Sanitarian, Aug 1891, No. 1842.
Prize Medal of the Med. Department of the University of Glasgow, for Surgery,
Physiology, Anatomy and Pathology. I have its description from Prof. YoLing of the
Hunterian Museum, Glasgow, through Mr. A. H. Lyell of London.

729. Obverse. Head, to right. Beneath, b. wvon inscription : iohannes-hvnter
Reverse. A laurel wreath. Inscription: scola medicinae leodiensis. Exergue:

A. D. i83I.-ins(t). Silver, bronze. 32. 50 mm. Dies cut in 1834.

Duisburg, Suppl. I, p. 13; Riippell, 1876, p. 80; Grueber, Nitmis. Chronicle, IV,
p. 315 ; Wroth, ibid., 3d Ser., VI, 1886, p. 302; Storer, loc. cii., Nov., 1889, No. 1143.

Prize Medal of the Leeds School of Medicine, which, established in 1831, became
in 1884 the Medical Department of Yorkshire College at Leeds, a branch of the Vic-
toria University at Manchester.

730. Obverse from same die as preceding.

Reverse. Arms of the Yorkshire College ; laurel branches connected by a band,
on which : et avgebitvr scientia (from Daniel xii, 4.) Within, a shield surmounted
by a sphinx, to left (from an antique Greek cup). Upon shield, two roses (the white
rose of York, " rose-en-soleil " of Edward IV) ; chevron, on which the serpent of the
house of Cavendish ; beneath, the golden fleece, from arms of the borough of Leeds.
Below, at right, allan wyon sc. Inscription : collegivm ■ cohitatvs ■ eboracensis ■
(a rose) schola ■ MEDiciNiE (a rose) Upon rim, name of recipient and date, engraved,
with the addition : priho (secundo or tertio) studiorum anno feliciter per-
acto. Silver, bronze, 32. 50 mm. Die of reverse cut in 1889.

Storer, loc. cit., Feb., 1893, Nos. 2043-4 ; Cat. of Medals of Royal Soc, No. 38,

In my collection.

731. Obverse. As preceding, save that neck is shorter, and beneath there is:
a wyon after b wvon

Reverse. The arms, crest and motto of the College, surrounded by scroll work.
Inscription : collegiiih comitatus eboracensis. schola medicine. Upon rim,
name and date, engraved: and multorum honorum cumulus. Gold (value ;£ 10).
24. 37 mm. Instituted in 1892,

I have the description from the Dean of the College, Dr. Thomas Scattergood
of Leeds.

732. Obverse. Bust, facing, with left hand to chin. Beneath, to left : l. wyon.
Reverse. A hospital, with two figures in front, supporting a female patient.

Over right-hand figure : AKAPA A'n*EAi:iN | KAAAISTOS | nOKHK. Exergue : s'
George's | hospital Below: l. c. wyon 1850 Silver, gilt, bronze. 36, 55 mm.

Cochran-Patrick, p. 1 10, No. 32, pi. xxi. fig. 4 ; Ibid., Num. Chronicle, N, S., xx,
p. 261 ; Wroth, ibid., 3d Ser., VI, 1886, p. 302, and 1892, Part IV, p. 315 ; Storer, loc.
cit., Aug., 1891, No. 1841.

Founded by Mr, Sergeant Thompson. I have its description from Mr. A. H,
Lyell, through Dr. Sir W. O. Priestley.

733. Obverse. Bust, in loose coat, to left, tassie f. Upon truncation : john

HUNTER I79I.

Reverse. Blank. Bronze,* Oval. 45 x 59. 72 x 93 mm.

I The "Taasle" portrait medallions were, I un re- 1803, p. 368), I have aa yet failed to obtalo the slightest

minded bj Dr. Weber of London, alt in a Titreoni paste inlonnalton. " Wm. Anderson, Surgeon, 1796 ; — Bird,

(Fraser, lee. cit., VIl, p. 447), the above of J. Hnnter Physician ; Robert Freer, M. D., iSoo; Junes Hare,

having been cast in bronze from >uch. Concerning the M. D., 1804 ; Robert Wa11ai:«, Sargeon, 1795 ; and Peter

following others of this series {Notts and Queritt, May, Walsh, M. D."

VOL. XXVIIL II

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86 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [April,

Wroth, Num. Chronicle, 3d Sen, 1886, p. 320; Grueber, ibid., 1892, Part IV, p.
314. No. I.

The medals of Drs. John Hunter and George Fordyce, conjoined, No. 641, and
that of Jobn Hunter of the St. Louis Dental Soc, No. 141, I have already described.

NUMISMATICS IN CHINA.

China is the paradise of the numismatist. The collections of cash, according to
Consul Edward Bedloe's report to the State Department, are something marvellous.
They are small coins of bronze, brass, copper or silver, ranging in intrinsic value from

Jlj of a cent to 25 cents. The oldest of these coins on record appeared about 2300
i. C. Over 150,000 different kinds of cash are preserved in collections. Some are
wonderful examples of coinage, but most of them are clumsy and coarse. The numis-
matist can work all his life, spend very littie money, and leave to posterity thousands
of coins. All he needs to do is to confine his work to the collection of cash, the small
coins in brass and bronze, whose value ranges from ^ to ^ of a cent. Their work-
manship varies, but is usually very good.

Their shape to-day is like that of European coins, with the exception that
through the centre is a square hole through which the coins are strung together like
beads. In the past, however, other forms were employed, including the square,
triangle, heart, ellipse, shield, key, knife, razor, sword and spear. The number of kinds
is simply immense. They are mentioned in literature as early as 250 B. C. "The oldest
that I have heard of," says Consul Bedloe, "dates from the T'sin dynasty, which ruled
from 25s to 207 B. C. From that time until to-day these useful little coins have been
used by every monarch, no matter whether he was an emperor of the entire country
or king of one of the petty principalities into which, from time to time, the Chinese
empire was broken. There have been over 1200 occupants of the various thrones,
royal and imperial. In addition to these regular issues, if such they may be called,
there have been special issues from time to time, and also special local issues. A
wealthy mandarin in Canton is said to have the finest collection extant, containing
25,000 specimens of different kinds."

The cost increases as you go backward in time. The cash of this century can
be secured at their nominal face value. Those of the eighteenth and seventeenth
centuries bring from one to ten cents each. Those of the Han dynasties, from 206 to
100 A. D., bring ^100 each when in fine state of preservation.

These true antiques are found in ancient tombs and ruins. Several hundred
were discovered in Amoy, not long ago, in digging a grave, when the laborers broke
into an old tomb several feet below the surface of the soil. The coins lay in a pretty
earthenware jar, and were incrusted with a thin layer of malachite that here and there
had been changed by moisture into azurite. The coins were sold by the lucky coolies
in the next twenty-four hours, and are said to have brought ^1 apiece, an immense sum
to men working for 12c. a day.

To succeed in collecting cash a person must be a fine Chinese scholar. The labor
thereby involved is so severe as to preclude most collectors from indulging in the
pleasure to any great extent.

TO ENCOURAGE HISTORICAL STUDY.

The Connecticut Society of tbe Sons of the Revolution have offered two valu-
able prizes of Medals for essays written by high school students of that State upon
the subject "The Causes which led to the American Revolution." Essays must con-
tain not less than 1776 nor more than 1894 words and be sent to the secretary of the
society before May 22. Governor Morris, chairman of the State Board of Education,
has endorsed the plan and circulars have been sent to all the high schools in the State.

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i894.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 87

SOME COLUMBIAN MEDALS.

BY EDMUND J. CLEVELAND.
[Concluded Irom Vol. nviii, p^e 69.3

49. Obv. This medal is a hemisphere half an inch thick, the convex side show-
ing America. Rev. The flat side. Inscriptions : Chicago | 1893 (two straight lines).
Legend : * world's Columbian • exposition all in sunken letters. Aluminum. Size
12J, perforated loop at top attached by a ribbon to a clasp or bar on which Obv. In out-
line a vessel with swelling sails, sailing to right ; santa * maria on its hull. Rev. The
same, incuse. Aluminum. Size 24 by 20.

50. Obv. A building. Legend : worlds Colombian exposition administra-
tion BUILDING. Rev. Wheel, ferris wheel on a scroll above, all encircled by :
GREATEST MECHANICAL ACHIEVEMENT OF THE AGE in one line around upper half ;
HEIGHT 264 FEET WEIGHT 43OO TONS | CAPACITY 2l8o PERSONS ENGINES 2200 HORSE
POWER in two lines around under half. Aluminum. Size 29.

ji. Obv. Building in the centre of the field; administration building above
it ; all within a circle encircled by parts of four smaller circles, etc., a building within
each enclosure; electrical building at the top; mining bldg at the right; ma-
chinery HALL at the left Exergue: s. d. childs & co, Chicago. Rev. Wheel, etc.
height 264 FEET WEIGHT 8600000 LBS. CAPACITY 2 1 60 PEOPLE around it. Exergue :
childs CHICAGO, all encircled by : •{« the ferris wheel f^ one of the wonders
of the world. Aluminum. Size 24^.

52. Obv. Building. Legend: u. s. gov' building above on an ornamental
border; width 351 f' | length 421 f' | area 3.3. acres below on three scrolls as
here divided. Rev. Inscription: world's | Columbian | exposition | Chicago | 1893
in parallel lines across. Legend : treasury department united states mint
exhibit. Brass. Size 24 Struck in the Government Building.

The following, Numbers 53 to 59 inclusive, are medallions, rather than medals,
and of compressed black walnut wood. Size 57. Struck from dies in Machinery Hall.

53. Obv. Bust of President Cleveland facing one quarter to the left. Legend :
• 1885 • 1889 president united states 1893 • 1897 * above, and hon grover
CLEVELAND below, Completing circle. Rev. Inscription : 1893 | Columbian exposi-
tion I MAY I. to OCT 30. I JACKSON PARK | CHICAGO in five parallel lines across.
Legend : ♦ the 400™ anniversary of the discovery of America ♦ u. s. America.

54. Obv. Building, etc. Legend : the administration building above ; 1492
COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION 1892 bclow. Rev. Same as No, 53.

55. Obv. Building, etc. Legend : • manufacturers and liberal arts •
above; 1887 ft. long 787 ft. wide below. Rer: Same as No. 53. *

56. Obv. Building, etc. Legend: ♦ machinery hall • above; 1396 ft. long.
492 FT. wide below. Rev. Same as No. S3.

57. Obv. Building, etc. Legend : ♦ the horticultural building ♦ above ;
1492 COLUMBIAN exposition 1892 below. Rev. Same as No. 53.

58. Obv, Building, etc Legend: * the hall of mines and mining * above;
1492 COLUMBIAN exposition 1892 below. Rev. Same as No. 53.

59. Obv. Building, etc. Legend : « the government building * above ;
1492 COLUMBIAN exposition 1892 below. Rev. Same as No. 53.

60. Obv. Shield of the Union on which a wheat sheaf ; at the right in the dis-
tance a three-masted vessel, her sails spread, sailing to the left ; at the left is an
Indian standing, facing to right and holding bow and arrow ; above in a cloud a nude
child ; below on a scroll : urbs | in | horto [a city in a garden] each word on a fold.
Exergue : CHILDS Chicago ; all encircled by a border, on which at each side are two

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88 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [April,

branches tied together in the centre; Chicago dav above; OCT. g, 1893. below.
Rev. Same standing figure and surroundings as on reverse of No. 30, partly encircled
by: world's Columbian exposition above. Exergue: s. d. childs & co. Chicago
below. Aluminum. Size 24^.

61. Obv. Inscription: * Columbian* (curving) j 1893 (straight) | exposition
(reversed curve) in three lines across. Rev. Blank. Silver, copper, etc. Elliptical,
size l6i x 11. Stamped on discs, coins, etc., for visitors, in the Electricity Building.

62. Obv. In the centre at the top, a bust of Columbus, bearded, and facing
right, nearly encircled by two heavy laurel branches tied together below. Inscription :
worlds (on a scroll) | Columbian (curving) | exposition j Chicago | ill. (straight
lines) I 18 (divided by an Exhibition building) 93 in six lines to the bottom, flanked on
the right by three buildings, and on the left by three more buildings, all in straight
lines. Rev. Blank. Jirass, plated. Shield-shaped. Size 27 x. 22; perforated loop
at top, attached to buckle, ribbon, and pin (on which the U. S. arms, shield, etc.).

63. Obv. Inscription : world's Columbian exposition Chicago, ills, 1893 )
perpetual I POCKET | CALENDAR in four concentoc, etc, lines. Legend : b. f. nor-
Ris, alister & CO. WHOLESALE JEWELERS, CHICAGO, ILLS. Rev. Movablc Calendar.
Brass. Size 25, This Medal accompanies the official souvenir spoon.

64. The whole design of this medal is incuse, Obv. Map of Western Hemis-
phere on which : phila., all encircled by : compliments of keystone watch case
CO, Rev. A large keystone, on which : souvenir | world's j Columbian | exposi-
tion I CHICAGO j 1893 in six lines across. Gcrmtn silver. Shaped the outlines of a
watch, size 17 x 24 A watch opener.

The Medals described in this and the preceding paper were collected chiefly at
the World's Fair, Chicago.

THE AHLBORN COLUMBIAN MEDAL.
Bv the kindness of Mr. Weeks, we are enabled to give the following extract from a report
to the American Numismatic and Archaeological Society, relative to the Columbus Medal
engraved by Madame Ahlborn, at the suggestion of some members of the Society, an engrav-
ing of which was given in the October number of ihs/oumal: —

A portrait engraving of Columbus, taken from the Sir Antony More portrait,
which is now owned by Mr. Charles F. Gunther, of Chicago, was sent her. This
portrait was painted about 1570, at the order of Margaret of Parma, from a miniature
said to have been in the possession of the royal family at Madrid. The portrait was
in one of the vessels of the Spanish Armada, which was wrecked on the coast of
England. Its frame is allegorical, and is a remarkable piece of sixteenth century
wood carving. Mr. Nestor Ponce de Leon, a member of the Society, who, in his
"Columbus Galiery," published in 1893, has made a valuable contribution to the infor-
mation about Columbus, criticised this portrait, with its cropped hair, moustache and
goatee, and its sixteenth century costume, as being an artistic picture, but a doubtful
likeness of Columbus.

After making several models for the Medal, and seeing what she called a magni-
ficent medal, already engraved, Madame Ahlborn wrote, May 12, 1892, that she
thought it "not worth the while to accomplish her Medal of Columbus." But urged
to go on with the work, she sent to Mr. Low, November 17, 1892, the plaster casts.
She was doubtful, herself, of the historic accuracy of the portrait, for while, as she
said, she modeled it after the portrait sent to her, it was not like any one of the many
portraits of Columbus which she had seen, neither was the costume. The reverse
she thought conformable to history. February 23, 1893, she wrote, suggesting the
legends and inscriptions, which were afterwards placed on the Medal. • • • The
medals, of which ten were issued in silver, two hundred in bronze and fifty in alumi-
num, were sent to this country July 4, 1893, and have met with favor.

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db,Google

THE ZEARINO AND WASHINGTON MEDALS.

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1894] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 89

THE ZEARING COLUMBUS AND LINCOLN MEDALS.

We give illustrations in this number of two medals designed by Mr. H.
H. Zearing. of Chicago, one of Columbus, and one of Lincoln. The dies of
the former were from the same hand which cut those for the Medal of Award
given by the Paris Exposition of 1889, an illustration of which was shown in
the last number of the yournal. Mr. Zearing's Columbus may be called a
composite portrait, and is treated altogether in conformity with the descrip-
tion handed down by his son, which has been accepted by historians as a com-
plete pen-picture of the great discoverer. The designer has made use of the
various portraits and of such points in other descriptions as appeared to har-
monize best with the character portrayed by his biographers. Indeed, the
entire range of history and of accessible portraits was carefully studied,
before the first sketch was made. The bust is treated in a strong low-relief,
so that the effect of a high relief is secured ; the modelling is delicate and
the suggestiveness of a flat surface is avoided, so that the face appears to
grow out of the medal. The bust is in profile to the right, clothed and wear-
ing a soft cap ; the face beardless. Legend, separated from the field by a
circular line which terminates on the shoulders, 1492 ■ Christopher ■ colvm-
Bvs ■ 1892-93 The initials of the designer, h. z. appear on the coat at the
right, near the edge.

The reverse shows the Admiral's caravel, the Santa Maria, sailing to the
West. It is sculpturesque in effect and void of details ; the ocean-waves in
particular, are strongly conventionalized. Legend, 1892 : discovery : of :
AMERICA : 1492 In exergue, in four lines, the last curving, • world's colvm-
BiAN ■ I :exposition: I ■ CHICAGO * | " FOVRTH : CENTENNIAL The medal is struck
in three sizes — 45, 21 and 17 millimetres, or 28, 14, and 11 nearly, by the
American scale.

The Lincoln Medal illustrated is, as mentioned above, after a design by
the same artist : the head of the great President is modelled from a photo-
graph taken in June, i860. A life-mask was also used in modelling the face,
which has been pronounced an unusually faithful likeness. The roughened —
almost disheveled — hair shown on the medal, serves to recall an interesting
incident. Just before Mr. Lincoln sat for the photograph he placed himself
in the hands of a barber, who dressed his hair smooth and flat. But when
he saw himself in the photographer's mirror he exclaimed, " My friends won't
know me this way," and then passed his fingers through his hair, roughening
and disarranging it, even where it was cut the shortest.

The dies for this, as of the preceding medal, were cut in Paris (these in
1892.) The bust shows nearly a front view with the head turned to obser-
ver's right and almost in profile. The portrait is treated in the same low,
strong relief as that which distinguishes that of the Columbus Medal above
described. Legend, 1809 * abraham * Lincoln * 1865

The reverse shows a tablet suggesting a shield in its form, with lance
heads separated by small circles between its borders and the edge of the
medal, and bearing a passage from that grand utterance at Gettysburg which
needs no aid from bronze to make it imperishable. The words are arranged
in thirteen lines, with a row of small stars between the seventh and eighth :

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90 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [ApRm

WITH I MALICE TOWARD | NONE o WITH ■ CHARITV | FOR - ALL o WITH ■ FIRMNESS]
•IN -THE -RIGHT -AS GOD- | GIVES' VS- TO -SEE- THE ■ | ■ RIGHT ■ LET ■ VS ■ STRIVE -

ON- I [stars] I - LET -VS- HAVE FAITH -THAT- [ ■ RIGHT - MAKES ■ MIGHT ■ AND • | -IN
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DERSTAND-iT- | o The Lincoln Medal is struck in one size only, 45 milli-
metres, or about 28 American scale.

PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES.

AMERICAN NUMISMATIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

We have received the Proceedings of the- American Numismatic and Archaeo-
logical Society at its Thirty-fifth Annual Meeting, held March 20, 1893 ; the pam-
phlet, printed in uniform style with those of previous years, also contains several
of the Papers read before the Society at its Numismatic and Archaeological
meetings in the year now reported. These meetings which, owing to the change of
quarters, were fewer than usual the last year, form an interesting and valuable feature
of the work of this prosperous Society, which now has the names of 246 members of
all classes on its rolls, and has permanent funds well invested, amounting to about
^4,500.

Of the Papers, we notice as of special value one on the Colonial Jersey Coinage,
from a historical standpoint, by Mr. Francis B. Lee of Trenton, N. J., and another by
Mr. Henry R. Drowne, for many years the efficient Secretary of the Society, on "An
Unrecorded Coinage," describing an issue of Spanish gold Doubloons, struck about
1821, in New York city, by an Englishman named Peach, to supply the demand for
these pieces for exportation, etc., at a time when by reason of their scarcity they
commanded a premium of from two to two and a half dollars each ; it is said that from
two to three hundred pieces were struck daily for several months, thus proving a very
profitable operation for those interested. The coins were of full weight and fineness,
and as no fraud could be shown when the matter was investigated by the Government
and there was no law at that time to prevent it, the coiners were not disturbed until
the supply destroyed the premium and the business ceased in consequence. Peach
was assisted in his work by a person named Ladd, who died in New York not very
long since, aged more than eighty.

We must take issue with Mr. Lee as to his statement in the paper mentioned
above, that " it may be said that coinage in New Jersey, as in the other seaboard de-
pendencies of Great Britain, began before the advent of tlu Europeans." (The italics are
ours.) We know of no such coiiiage. The term can with propriety be applied only to
"the act or process of converting metal into money." See Webster's "International
Dictionary." Even this definition is rather a broad one, for it would cover siege
pieces, which are bits of metal issued as money by some recognized authority, but
often merely engraved to show their nominal or current value, and not invariably
struck from dies; and the word "coin," etymologically, implies the use of dies, or
something thereto corresponding.

The writer seems to imply, by the context, that he considers that the industry of
the Indians, in turning clamshells into wampum, Wcis coining. Wampum, — bits of
shell or beads, strung for convenience in handling, much as the Chinese strung their
" cash," — was currency, used as money, it is true, but it can only be called money by
the broadest use of the term ; money must have some public or lawful authority behind
it ; without that it is merely a circulating medium, or currency ; but wampum was not
issued "by lawful authority," since any one could make it, natives and settlers alike.
Its value as a means of exchange was in time fixed by authority among the settlers,
no doubt, but as Mr. Lee remarks, "no restrictions were even [.'ever] placed on the
manufacture .... by the various Indian tribal divisions," nor, we may add, by any
legislative or other enactment which we can recall ; and as he also shows, it was made
until " within the last fifty years," by private individuals without interference.

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I894-] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 91

The pamphlet is carelessly printed; on the tenth page we learn that the books
of the Library were moved without any loss or inquiry [.'injury], and in the descrip-
tion of " Saint Patrick," or Mark Newbie coins (p. 34), we read, " A kneeling crowned

king .... playing a harp. Above a crown in brass with the legend etc."

Even with the engraving which is given, one not familiar with the pieces would be
unable to discover what is here meant ; nor is the statement true, strictly, as it is
probable the author meant it to stand. In the first place, it is well known to col-
lectors that these pieces were struck in brass as well as copper, and a piece " of a
different metal from that of the coin, that is, brass upon copper, or copper upon brass,"
was inserted in such a way as frequently, but »at always to show the crown thereon,
"over the harp," when struck. [See Simon Snelling on Irish Coins, p. 48.) But it
would be an error to suppose that the plug was inserted for the purpose of receiving
the crown upon it. It was merely "a fashion from the King's latter farthings, the .
better to prevent counterfeits." [See Leake, " Historical Account of English Money,"
ed. of 1745, p. 338.] Nor again was the plug always present; Dr. Smith had in his
collection "Three with star or plug mar the crown, and one without any plug."
Wm. Nicolson, Archbishop of Cashel at the time of his death, mentions in his " Irish
Historical Library," (1724, p. 170,) that at the time that was printed these pieces
were "still common in Copper and Brass," Dr. Cane (not Crane) had a curious
theory about this plug, — that it had a sort of symbolical meaning. He observes : "It
is not David who touches the Irish harp, as some have it, but a king, and by the pecu-
liarity of the crown an Irish king ; an Irish harp, and Irish king, upon an Irish coin,,
while the English crown, fixed loosely and unsettled over the harp, is of a different
metal, and as it were, not belonging to the piece." This is of interest here, because
it tends to show that the crown did not always fit the plug ; Dr. Smith disposes of
this theory very satisfactorily thus ; — " David was a king, and the ' peculiarity of the
crown ' is nothing more than the conventional form still invariably adopted by Irish
artists. The harp has been the arms of Ireland since the time of Henry the Eighth,
and the piece ' of a different metal ' with the crown fixed loosely over it, was inserted
in imitation of the plan adopted with the farthings of Charles the First in 1635, for
the purpose of rendering forgery more difiicult." Hence " the crown above" might
be in brass on the copper pieces, or in copper on those of brass, if the relative posi-
tions of the crown in the die and the planchet plug chanced to coincide, and otherwise
not.

On the following page {35) Mr, Lee seems to have adopted the opinion about
coinage we have expressed above, for he remarks " the coppers are probably the only
coins occurring in New Jersey, etc.," thus virtually withdrawing his statement that
the Indian wampum was coinage. This remark (that "tAe coppers are probably tlte
only coins occurring in New Jersey ") is obscure. It seems from the context to allude
to the Newbie pieces, for he continues, "there is little or no evidence that Newbie
brought silver with him." Of course Mr Lee did not intend to exclude "the King's
copper Farthings and Halfpence," coins which were in circulation (for as his paper
shows, the Court established their current value at exactly twice that of the face), nor
the various silver coins, whose values were also fixed by the New Jersey laws he cites ;
but the statement as it stands would exclude both ; possibly "of Newbie's" followed
"coins" in the original MS. : yet, on the other hand, to confine his reference to the
copper pieces of Newbie would be incorrect, for there is evidence that the silver pieces
01 this coinage were in circulation in New Jersey, though no doubt to a very limited
extent. Mr. W. A, Whitehead, of Newark, N. J., in a communication to the Journal
in 1872, (VII, 31), says, "some have conjectured that Newbie continued the manufac-
ture of his pieces after his arrival " [halfpennies probably, for although Mr. Lee
si>eaks of the Pennies also as being in circulation (p. 35), only the smaller denomina-
tion seems to have been legalized], for which he quotes Elmer's Cumberland, p. 122.
We attach little importance to this theory, although if Newbie brought the dies of the
pennies, from which the silver was struck in Ireland, there is nothing to show he
could not have struck silver here, had he desired ; but the late Robert C. Davis, of

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9a AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [April,

Philadelphia, had a few specimens of the silvi-r Newbies in his cabinet, as well as
copper pieces of that issue, all, we understand, found in circulation in New Jersey ;
two of the former and several of the latter were shown in June, 1872, at a meeting of
the Boston Numismatic Society.

Mr. Whitehead's paper just mentioned, gives some additional particulars of
Newbie, and on p. 10 of Vol. XXVII of the Journal are a few items about Cox,
besides those given by Mr, Lee. We have commented at some length on Mr. Lee's
very valuable and interesting paper ; for while some of the statements criticised are,
it is quite probable, his printer's fault rather than his own, yet errors of the kind
we have mentioned, in the official Proceedings of a Society of the standing of this,
should not pass unchallenged. The numismatic history of New Jersey is full of in-
terest, and Mr. Lee deserves great credit for assembling so many historical facts in so
entertaining a style as he has done in this article. It is so much the more to be
regretted therefore, that such typographic errors as "monies," (p. 37), " priviledges,"
(p. 38), and many others beside the above noted should have been allowed to deface it.

At a- special meeting of the Society in February last, steps were taken to urge
the adoption by Government of the metric system in its coinage, as well adapted to
our decimal system, and also to advocate the appointment of a commission by the
U. S. authorities, to be composed of two well known sculptors, artists, or medallists,
to be named by the National Sculptors' Society of New York ; two well known
numismatists or collectors to he named by the American Numismatic and Archaeo-
• logical Society, and a fifth, who should be a recognized authority on weights and
measures, to consider what steps can be taken to improve our coinage, and to offer
prizes to artists or designers, who might be willing to enter into a competition for
producing suitable devices for the coins proposed to be struck hereafter, and also for
such historical medals as the Government might decide it to be advisable to issue.

DOLLAR OF 1804.

An article in the January number of the jFoumal of Numismatics stated that
several new specimens of the 1804 Dollar had appeared. The history of the piece
referred to as in possession of J. Rosenthal's Sons is given as follows : — it was owned
by a colored man in Alexandria, Virginia, who when he died gave it to his son, from
whom it was purchased for |ioo by a gentleman in Alexandria, who sent it to Messrs.
Joseph Rosenthal's Sons of Philadelphia in payment of a debt of ^500. They sold it
recently to Mr. James W. Elsworth of Chicago. Mr. Rosenthal sent me a press
impression, which corresponds exactly with the impressions in my possession of
several of the 1804 Dollars. I believe this is a genuine piece, probably one of the
restrikes. It should be added to the list as No. XIII.

Another of the Dollars mentioned in the article is held hy a bookseller in Canal
Street, New York. I heard of this piece last summer, and called upon its owner, Mr.
Hugh Rodens. An examination showed that it was an altered coin ; the alteration
was skilfully executed.

Since the article referred to was published, I received information that another
1804 Dollar had turned up in Chicago. I corresponded with the owner, Mr. J. S.
Smith, who sent me the piece for examination. It also was altered, and in a very
bungling manner. johm a. nexsen.

Brooklyn, N. Y., March 31, 1894.

Pope Leo XIII has paid a somewhat unusual honor to a Scotch Protestant professor and
author. He has ordered "The Church in the Roman Empire before 170 A. D.," by Prof.
Ramsay of Aberdeen University (published in this country by G. P. Putnam's Sons), to be
placed in the Reference Library of the Vatican, and has awarded a Gold Medal to the author
for his services in this department of literature.

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1894.] AMRRtCAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS.

MASONIC MEDALS.

In the last number of the Journal DCCCCXLIV was omitted in its cooseculive order, owing to
some uncertainty as to whether the piece described below, and mentioned in Note 3, p. 71, was a different
Medal from DCCLXX, the reverse of which has no wreath, if I am correctly informed. It now seems
clear that this should have its own number. [See note below.]

DCCCCXLIV. Obverse, As the obverse of DCCLXX, and perhaps
from the same die, but without the word the before grand: — oval garnished
shield with arms of the Grand Lodge of the " Ancients" as borne before the
Union of 1813. Reverse. A laurel wreath, with the field within plain for
engraving. Legend, In testiTnony of his eminent Services to the Craft. Gold,
bronze, and possibly silver. Very rare. Size 25.'

DCCCCL. Obverse, Head of Oscar II, King of Sweden, to left, be-
neath which, in very small letters, a. lindberg. Legend, oscar • 11 • sueri-
GES • OCH - NORGES * KONUNG • [Oscar II, King of Sweden and Norway.]
Below, completing the circle, ix • f.'. p.-. v.". s.'. v.*. [Vicar of Solomon for
life, of the Ninth Masonic Province.] Reverse, On a mosaic pavement a
square altar, or perfect ashlar, with the cross of the Rite on its front ; on its
top a lighted Etruscan lamp and a cable-tow, the tasselled ends of which fall
on the pavement ; in front, a sword and palm-branch crossed : below, as if in
exergue, and leaning against the edge of the pavement, a square shield,
argent, charged with a Greek cross gules ; the cross is cantoned with the
Masonic arms, as described in the previous number; on the fess point two
C's interlaced, (presumably inclosing the three crowns of Sweden as on the
preceding, but not mentioned by my informant as the space is extremely
small) ; the C's surmounted by a royal crown. On each side of the shield
and affixed to the foundation of the pavement, two labels bearing respectively
the dates 1788 1888 Below these are two branches, one of acacia the other
of laurel, with their points crossed. Legend above, in two lines, the lower
on a scroll, till • gota * PROviNaAL • logen [ hundraarigt minne [To the
Gothenburg Provincial Lodge, in memory of its hundredth year,] and below,
FRAN . CHARLES • DICKSON [From Charles Dickson.] Silver and bronze.
Size 35.'

DCCCCLI. Obverse, Accollated busts of Oscar II and his Queen
Sophia, to right, the latter wearing a small coronet. Below the busts in very
small letters, lea ahlborn f. Legend, surrounded on the outer side by a
circle of "pearls," oscar ii et sophia rex et regina svEa« et norvegle *
[Oscar II and Sophia, King and Queen of Sweden and Norway.] Reverse,

1 Thia I describe from an account of the %o\& with an account of the circumalancea which led to the
Medal in the British Museum, kindly sent me by Mr. striking of the piece, written by Dr. Dickson, who de-
G. F. Hill ot London. That has, engraved within the signed ihe Medal and struck it at his private eipense,
•mtt3.\\i. To the \Rl Worshipful \E^ard Barry \ D.D. in celebration of the Centennial of Ihe riovincial
I Grd. Chaplain \ 5808 Dr. Barry was Grand Chaplain Lodge over which he presided for twcnty.five years,
of the Ancienta from Dec 27, 1701, to the Union of and aa an expression of his gratitude for the tesliinomal
l8[3. Thia Medal is quite rare. It seems to be struck prcaented him hy hia brethren on his rcBlgnalion of that
from the completed and altered dies of which DCCLXX position [See the Medal last described]. Impressions in
was possibly only a trial impression. Bro. Hughan silver were presented by Dr. Dickson to the King, to
writes me that he has an impression in bronie, with all the officers of the Grand Lodge of Sweden and
the wreath, but without Ihe legend ; which I understand those of the Provincial Grand Lodge at Gothenburg,
is tngravcd on the Medal under notice. The closing and a few other friends; impressions in bronze were
part of Note 3, from " As a matter of interest," on page given 10 each member of the subordinate Lodges. Not-
71, should be cancelled. withstanding so many were struck, it is now difiicult to

2 For the description of this Centenary Meda) I am obtain one of the Medals. For the reading of the abbre-
indebled to Bro. Shackles, who accompinies his letter viations V.-. S.'. V.'. see note on DCCLXVI.

Digitized by CjOO*^lt'

94 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [April,

A floreated monogram of the letters O and S surrounded by rays which fill
the field ; the monogram is entwined by roses and surmounted by a crown,
all within a circle formed by a cable-tow having four knots, with tassels falling
to the right and left at the bottom. Legend above, salus vestra nostrum
GAUDiuM [Your safety is our joy.] In exergue, in five lines, protectori et

FRATRI EXCELSISSIMO OPTIMO j MEMORIAM CONIUGII PER XXV ANNOS PRDSPERRIMI
CELEBRANTI | FRATRES LIBERI CEMENTARII | SVECI^ ET NORVEGI,€ | DIE VI JUNII

A. MDCCCLXXXii [His Brother Freemasons of Sweden and Norway to their
Protector, best and most exalted Brother, prosperously celebrating the
memory of twenty-five years of wedlock, on the sixth day of June, 1882.]
Silver and bronze. Size 45.'

DCCCCLII. Obverse, Naked bust of Liidbergh in profile to right, and
a palm branch before him. Legend, At the left, and * b • liidbergh : |I| . and
below the bust a very small e, and in smaller letters than the legend, dod • d •
21 'JAN • 1799. [Died Jan. 21, 1799,] curving to the lower e<^e. Reverse,
On a mosaic pavement approached by three steps is an altar formed by a
cubic stone or perfect ashlar ; on Its top are three gavels side by side, the
handles to right, the heads in front and to left, with the letter s on their faces :
on the front of the altar in three lines, 27/1-89 | 24/12-89 | 18/3-90, which
are the dates of his appointments as Speaker to the Commoners of the Diet,
January 27, 1789; as Burgomaster of Stockholm, December 24, 1789, and as
Master of the Lodge St. Jean Auxiliaire, (St. John the Helper) of Stock-
holm, March 18, 1790. Legend, above, wardigt • [Worshipful, his title as
Master] , and in exergue in two lines, af sorjande wanner ■ | f ■ i« . I pre-
sume the second line to be the initials of fri murar broderskap, and the
inscription would then mean. From his sorrowing friends of the Masonic
Brotherhood. Silver and bronze. Size 36.'

DCCCCLIIL Obverse, Naked bust in profile to right of Weser. Under
decollation, a • lindberg (the die-cutter). Legend, l • a • weser ordforande
MASTARE I s! . joh! • LOGEN ST . ERIK. [L. A. Weser, Presiding Master of the
Johannite Lodge St. Eric]. Reverse, Within a wreath of oak on the right
and olive on the left, open at the top, the stems crossed at the bottom where
they are surmounted by the square, compasses, and a gavel erect, interlaced,
the inscription in two lines, broders erkansla [Testimonial of his Brethren] ;
between the branches at the top a radiant star formed by two triangles braced.
Legend, till minne af femttoarig verksamhet and below, completing the
circle, « den 12 dec 1882 m [In memory of fifty years' labor, Dec. 12, 1882.]
Silver and bronze. Size 30.'

I In the Lawrence collection. Struck to commenio- Shackles, who obtained a restrike, by penniswon of

rate the silver wedding of King Oscar and his Queen. King Oscar, from the Royal Mint at Stockholm, where

He was appointed Grand Master by his brother, Chas, the dies are preserred. Two other Medals of this Lodge

XV, the late King, in 1859. He came to the throne in have been described, CCCCXXX and CCCCXXXI-

1S7Z. The dies were engraved by Madame Lea Ahlborn 3 In (he Lawrence collection. Weser waa " Jnali-

of the Royal Mint at Stockholm, whose work is well ciary Burgomaster " in Stockholm, as I learn from Bro.

known to American collectors. Shackles, who also tells me that the Lodge which

3 In the Lawrence collection. This Medal was struck this Medal in honor of the Semi-centenaiy of its

unknown to Merzdorf, and I failed to recognize it as Master, was founded Nov. 30, 1756 i it has worked the

Masonic if given by Hildebrand. Ludbergh was a man old or St. John's Lodge rite, as distinguished from the

of considerable prominence. The s is probably the Swedish rite so called, and " is the only Swedish Lodge

initial of Carl Enhorning, the engraver, who reeal the of ancient date that has not been absorbed or atnalga-

reverse die of CCCCXXXI. Some impressions show a mated, and has so continued from its foundation." "Hte

craclc in the die. For the explanation of the dates and lettters in the inscription, etc., have the proper accents,

a robbing of this rare Medal I am indebted to Bro. for which we have not the type.

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I894-] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 9S

DCCCCLIV. Obverse, Clothed bust in profile to right of Torpadius ;
he wears a wig with locks flowing upon his shoulders. Under the truncation
w [Die-cutter's initial.] Legend, joii ■ isr ■ torpadius senator urb ■ holm ■
[John Israel Torpadius, Senator or Burgomaster of the city of Stockholm.]
Reverse, Inscription in seven lines, conditori | sodalitatis serici | stock-

HOLMIAE MDCCLIV | NATO MDCCXXII ■ | DENATO MDCCLX ■ | LIB - FRATRES MUR ■ ]

MDCCC- [The Masonic Brethren in 1800 to the Founder of St. Eric's Lodge
at Stockholm, 1754. Born 1722 ; died 1760.] Silver and bronze.' Size 22.

DCCCCLV. Obverse, A group of Masonic implements interlaced ; the
triangular level, with the square at the right, the compasses at the left, on the
lower corners, and the trowel at the right and gavel at the left of the apex ;
the working tools are entwined with two sprigs of acacia crossed and tied at
the bottom, and having a radiant star of five points with the letter G on its
centre between the sprigs at the top and over the level : under the stems
BESCHER in very small letters, the line curving upward. Legend, below,
UBERTE EGALiTE FRATERNiTE [Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.] Reverse, A
wreath of laurel, slightly open at the top and the stems tied with a bow of
ribbon below. The field plain for engraving. No legend.' Bronze. Size 32.

DCCCCLVI. On a polished field the double-headed eagle of the Scot-
tish rite, but not crowned, holding in his talons a sword, its hilt to the left ; a
radiant triangle with 33. above, and a scroll below, its ends forked, extending
upwards, and terminating in tassels ; on the scroll, deus meumque jus [God
and my right.] On the breast of the eagle the triple patriarchal cross of the
grade. Under the scroll in minute letters pa&trana (die cutter). Legend,
on a dull border, and separated by a circle of alternate dots and ellipses,
above, SUP.", cons.', de mexico and below, *premio* [Supreme Council of
Mexico. Reward.] Reverse, Plain. At top of planchet, a large ball which
is pierced for a ring. Silver ? gilt, and silver. Size 20.^

DCCCCLVII. Obverse, On a planchet in the form of a five-pointed
star is a circle with the legend separated from the field by another circle,
above, resp.*. a madre comun n^ and below, pachuca ; at the ends of the
last word are ornaments composed of two fleurs-de-lis, united foot to foot :
on the field a large figure 5 radiated, beneath which in two lines, 25 de oct.'.
I 1866. [The Won Lodge Common Mother, No. 5, Pachuca.] The points of
the star have one-half their face plain, and the other filled with fine lines
perpendicular to the edge of the circle, and they terminate in small balls.
On the upper point is a loop for a ring ; on the lower left point, near the
edge of the circle, in small letters, pena (the die cutter). Reverse, Plain.
Silver. Size of circular centre, 18 ; from pomt to point of star, 30.'

DCCCCLVIII. Obverse, A circle of formal rays, on which a triangle
with raised edges is superimposed, its points extending beyond those of the
rays : in the centre is a liberty cap ; on the left side of the triangle, R.'.

1 In the Lawrence collection. Struck by the same 3 In the Lawrence collection.

Lodge aa the preceding. The date of foundation is 4 In the Lawrence collection. While from its form

given on this Medal as 1754, but that of its constitution this mt^ht be classed a.s a badge rather than jisa Medal,

was Nov. 30, 1756, as stated in the preceding note, it is evidenllv struck from dies, though not on a circu-

Originals of this Medal are very rare. The dies are lar planchet. and I ihereEoie include it. Pachuca is a

•till preserved in the Royal Mint at Stockholm. town in Mexico fifty miles north-norih.east of the City

2 This ii in the Lawrence collection. Whether of of Mexico, formerly of great importance for the silver
French or Belgian origin, and by what body issued I mines in its vicinity. The date 1 presume is that of the
have not ascertained. foundation of the Lodge.

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96 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [April,

LOGE.-. n2 5 ; on the right libertad and on the bottom or/, de veracruz
[Regular Lodge Liberty, No. 5, Orient of Vera Cruz.] The points after R
are incused, the others and the letters of the legend are raised. Reverse,
Plain. A loop and ring at the top, and the Medal is worn with a light blue
ribbon. Silver or copper, gilt. Size of circle, 20 nearly : of side of triangle,
22. A narrow clasp is worn with the ribbon, on which is the All-seing eye
in the centre and three dots on either side."

Still another badge, the planchet having the form of a five-pointed star, with
small balls on the ends of the points, is the following: — On the centre a circle on
which a radiant G ; outside the circle is another, whose circumference reaches the re-
entering angles of the star, and has the legend, above, paz y concordia [Peace and
harmony] and below, * mexico * in smaller letters. On the upper point of the star
in two lines, □ [ n. 6 on the upper left r on the right e and on each of the two lower
points A [Lodge No. 6 Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite.] Reverse, .Plain for
engraving. The top has a loop, and the badge was worn with a ribbon of green.
Silver. Size from point to point, 30.'

DCCCCLIX. Obverse, A fagot of sticks tied with a cord ; on the right
side rests one end of a square on the horizontal edge of which above, is a
triangular level, the plummet falling nearly to the fagot. Legend, separated
from the field by a circle, above, * r.*. n.*. m.*. taller ti°- 9. ♦ and below,
TiTULADo LA RAzoN [The Worshipful Masonic Lodge No. 9, entitled " La
Razon " i. e. Justice.] The abbreviation N 1 do not recognize : possibly for
nacido, meaning in that case Regular. Plain for engraving. A loop for ring
at the top. Silver. Size 27.*

DCCCCLX, Obverse, In form a six- pointed star, composed of two
triangles interlaced. On the upper bar of one, L.*. morelos n^ 9. The other
two sides of this triangle are plain. On the left side of the second triangle,
20 DE jUNio DE 1868. on the right side, 5628.". and on the base, or.', de
MEXICO. In four of the spaces between the two triangles are letters ; on
the upper left point R ; on the right, e ; on the lower left, a and the
same repeated on the right. [Lodge of Morelos, No. 9, Orient of Mexico.
July 20, 1868; the letters in the points meaning .^iVc Escoces Antiguo y
Acepto [Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite.] "nie other two points have
no letters. The hexagonal field enclosed by the triangles has a bust of
Morelos, the face in profile to observer's left ; across the shoulder a sash, and
on his head, very far back, a small, close-fitting skuU-cap. The points of the
star terminate in small balls ; a loop and a ring at the top for ribbon.
Reverse, Plain. Silver. Size between opposite points, 27 nearly.'

DCCCCLXI. Obverse, A pillar rising from clouds, and mountains in
the background : on its shaft in front are the square and compasses : it has

I In the Lanrence collection. This is a badge of This, from the ronghncM of the field and the round

th« Lodge named, but is struck, and seems to be enti- edges of the letters, etc., seems to be a cast,
tied to a place in this list. That this Lodge and that 4 The ribbon worn with this jewel is woven in the

which struck the preceding Medal have the same num- National colors, red, white And green. The date I

ber is no doubt due to the fact that there are five or take to be that of foundation. The Lodge is named

six Grand Lodges, " Diets," etc., in Mexico. for the Patriot Meiican General Jose Maria Morelos,

i This badge looks much like a cast, bat as por- who was bom near Apatxingan, Sept. 30, 1765, and shot

tiont oE the arde and some of the letters on the im- at San Cristobal, Dec. 22, 181 5. He had been a Roman

pression I examined (belonging to Gen. Lawrence's Catholic Caraie, and was one of the bravest and most

collection) have the appearance of being double struck, talented leaders among the liberators of Mexico. The

I think it may be from dies. Medal is the jewel of the Lodge bearing his name,

3 That in the Lawrence collection has in four lines and is struck from dies, and then cut to its present

of script letters M. H. Perea, | Ney j Junio 14 I 1876. shape.

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1894.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 97

an ornamental capital somewhat resembling the Ionic order, which is sur-
mounted by a globe. Legend, above in two lines, curving to the upper edge,
RESP.'. □ EL ORDEN N? 1 1 OR.'. DE MEXICO | DEL CAOS SALIO EL ORDEN [Wor,

Lodge of Order, No. 11, Orient of Mexico. Out of chaos springs order.]
Under the clouds at the bottom, curving upwards, 15 nov.'. 1868. Reverse,
Plain for engraving. That in the Lawrence collection has, inscribed in four
lines, the first curving, a la vertud y abnegacion mason.-. | h*. | m.-. a.-, de
MATEOS. I Die. 1869. [For Masonic virtue and (?) fraternal self denial. M. A.
de Mateos, December, 1869.] The first two lines in script, the last two
in Roman letters. A loop on the planchet at the top, for a ring. Silver.
Size 22.'

DCCCCLXn. Obverse, Between two separate branches of acacia, a
shield, bearing quarterly, 1 and 4, a castle ; 2 and 3, a lion rampant. On the
fess point an elliptical escutcheon with a star of five points, and between the
quarterings at bottom a small pomegranate ; over the shield as a crest is a
radiant liberty cap ; behind the shield two flags crossed ; that on the dexter
side has three horizontal stripes, azure, or and azure, and on the sinister three
perpendicular stripes, vert, argent and gules (the latter the Mexican flag) ;
between the staves and under the shield are two right hands joined, under
which 5639. Under the stem of the sprig or branch on the dexter side, very
small, PENA Legend, resp.'. log.-, riego n^ 21. r.-. e.'. a.', a.', and com-
pleting the circle, *or.'. de Mexico * [Worshipful Lodge Riego No. 21, An-
cient and Accepted Scottish Rite, Orient of Mexico.] Reverse, Inscription
in ten lines, the first curving, fundador es | i.'. noriega 30 °. \ m.-. pina

PARTEARROYO I 33.? p.'. ORTIZ 18? J.'. NO- | RIEGA 18? E.'. G.". CANTON | 33?
F.'. DE P.*. URGELL 5? I M.-. S.*. GRACIA 3.°. J.\ \ ORTIZ 3? J.'. GOYA 18? | I.'.

M.\ ALTAMiRANO | 33? M.'. DALMAU 3? [Names of the founders.] A loop at
the top for a ring. Silver. Size 23.'

DCCCCLXIII. Obverse, On a mosaic pavement stands an altar be-
tween two burning tapers ; the front has a five-pointed star on a square
tablet, at each of the corners of which is a pellet ; on the altar are the Bible,
square and compasses, and behind a palm-tree. Legend, on the left, melchor
OCAMPO. On the right, or.', de mazatlan, and at nie bottom, log.', n^ 29 x
5630. The date is equivalent to 1870. Reverse, Plain. A loop and ring at
the top attached to a clasp with sunken tablet, for suspension. In form an
equilateral triangle. Silver (?). Size 30 (length of one side).'

DCCCCLXIV. Obverse, The square and compasses enclosing the
letter G ; the arms of the square are divided off into spaces ; below is a sprig
of acacia. Legend, resp.'. □ " acacia n°. 32." al or.", de tepic and below,
filling out the circle, *563i * [Worshipful Lodge of the Acacia, No. 32, in
the Orient of Tepic] Outside the legend is an endless chain. The date
corresponds to 1871 of the Christian era. Reverse, Within an endless chain,
similar to that on the obverse, is a radiant triangle bearing the All-seeing eye,
below which, within the chain and curving upwards, r.'. e.'. a.', va.'. [An-

I My description is from the original in the LaW' been able to leani. The numbers, etc., after each name
~e collection ; — an attempt was made to efiace the signify of course the grades attained by the Brethren
_■_... f. I. _.!..... !i ,_ . ___._!_ __ ._ .1 . ^lio (oruied -i - > - J— -u. j_..!___ ._ -i .1 .

G Still legible. I am uncertain as to the who formed the Lodge ; the devices 01

abbreviation /fa, whicb may not be for Hermaiial, well-known symbols of Castile, Leon and Granada.

though I have so rendered it. 5639 = 1879, la perhaps the date of foundation.

t In the Lawrence collection. Whether the name 3 In the Lawrence collection. Melchor Ocampo, I

of the Lodge has some local significance I have not suppose, is the name of a person.

dbyGoogk

9$ AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [April,

cient and Accepted Scottish rite.] Silver and bronze. Size 23. A swivel
and bar at the top, for suspension by a ribbon. This is somewhat rare,
although the dies, I have reason to think, were made in New York. TTiere
is no space between the y and a on the reverse.' The Spanish words, of
which the letters on the reverse are the initials, are given in full under
DCCCCLX.

A BARCELONA COLUMBIAN MEDAL.

For our knowledge of the following Medal, siruck in Spain, we are indebted to Mons. L.
Polier of Paris, who has kindly sent us a "blue-print " of the piece, from which our description
is made, although some of the minor details, as for instance the blazon of the arms, and our
attributions, we are unable to give with absolute certainty. It has not been previously des-
cribed in America to our knowledge.

Obverse, Within a wreath of laurel, a clothed bust of Columbus; the
body three-quarters to front, the head, which is bare, in profile, to observer's
right ; legend, at the left, Barcelona and at the right, a colon. [Barcelona
to Columbus.] At the bottom is a lozenge-shaped shield, upon crossed
branches of ohve at the left and palm at the right, which is surmounted by a
coronet ; on the shield are armorial devices, — quarterly, a cross in the first
and fourth and the pallets of Arragon in the second and third quarters, which
we suppose are the arms of the city: (the blazon is not clear in the photo-
graph.) The field outside of the wreath has four panels which are separated
thus : at the bottom by the arms ; at the left by a seated male figure, the lower
part of his body draped, and a sword erect held by the blade, hilt upward in
his right hand (War) ; opposite, at the right, by a female figure seated, to
front, her head turned to left, draped, with an olive branch in her right hand
extended (Peace); and at the top by a third female figure, seated, to right,
her head turned backward to left, and a staff on her left hand (?America).
In the tablet at the lower left side Columbus and his son at the door of the
Convent of Rabida ; in the next panel, above, Columbus is advocating his
theory before the Court of Spain ; in the third panel the landing is shown,
and in the fourth he is kneeling before the King and Queen, after his return.

Reverse, On a platform a female figure, standing erect, draped and
murally crowned : with her right hand she extends an olive branch, while
with her left uplifted she holds a laurel wreath and grasps the stafiT of a
banner the forked ends of which float behind her: it bears a crown and
armorial devices; at her left side stands a lion with head'erect; behind her
are the two pillars — the emblems of Spain, that at the left partly concealed
by the drapery floating from her shoulder, and by the folds of the banner,
while against the other leans a long stalk of sugar-cane ; on the step of the
platform mdcccxcii and in the distance at the left a glimpse of the Exposition
buildings and one of the columns in its court surmounted by a statue. Legend,

rv. CENTENARIO DEL DESCUBRIMIENTO DE LAS AMERICAS* [Fourth CCUtury of the

discovery of America.] The female we take to symbolize Spain, her castel-
lated crown alluding to Castile and the lion to Leon. The dies, we are
informed, were engraved by Senor Castello, Calle Escudillero, Barcelona.
Its size is 48, American scale, and it has been struck in bronze.

I In the Lawrence collection. Tepic is one of the largest towns in the State of Jalisco, Meraco.

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1894-] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMIS\(ATICS. 99

A WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL MEDAL.

The New Jersey Historical Society has caused to be struck a medal commemo-
rating the formation of the Constitutional Government of the United States, and the
Inauguration of General Washington, first President, April 30th, 1789. The dies were
prepared by Messrs. Tiffany & Co., and engraved by the same hand which cut the seal
of the United States. The cost of cutting is about ^5oa On the obverse of the medal
appears the head of Washington after an engraving by Tardieu, from the bust by
Houdon, now in the Capitol at Richmond, Va, Around the margin are the words,

WASHINGTON CENTENNIAL MEDAL, NEW JERSEY HISTORICAL SOCIETY, I789 APRIL I889,

It is not generally known that this bust is the first and only one of Washington
taken from life. The way it came to be taken was this : In 1785 Benjamin Harrison
and Thomas Jefferson were in Paris. They were requested by the House of Assem-
bly of Virginia to employ an artist to make a statue of Washington, and they engaged
Jean Antoine Houdon. It was that Houdon who executed a statue of Diana for
Catharine II, and which was refused by the Salon of 1781, on the ground that a statue
of Diana demanded drapery, and that without it she became a '^ Suwanle de Venus."
This incident reminds one of the late criticism of Mr. St. Gaudens' Diana. It does
not appear whether this expression of taste annoyed Houdon, but immediately
afterward, in company with Franklin, whose bust he had recently executed, he left
France and spent two weeks with Washington, at Mount Vernon, in 1785. The statue
was made from actual measurements, first moulded in wax, and afterward finished in
Paris in 1789. A fine copy of the bust of Washington by Houdon is in the possession
of Ex-Mayor Hewitt of New York.

On the reverse of the medal appears the seal of the New Jersey Historical
Society, with this motto from the writings of Washiugton, above all things hold
DEAR YOUR NATIONAL UNION, the whoIc surroundcd by leaves of laurel and oak. The
seal conforms to the following description, for which we are indebted to the Treasurer
of the Society, the Hon, Frederick W. Ricord. A circular shield, argent, charged with
four Spanish shields placed in the form of a cross patee. The first quarter, or shield
in chief, bears the arms of Lord John Berkeley: Gules, a chevron between ten crosses
patee argent, six above and four below, surmounted by a scroll argent, inscribed with
the motto dieu chez nous gules, the escutcheon flanked by his initials — on the
dexter side J, and on the sinister side B, gules. The second quarter or dexter shield
(the West shield), bears the earliest arms discovered of the Western Proprietaries, or,
a pair of balances sable, surmounted by a carpenter's compasses extended, of the same ;
in the base point a mound and tree vert. The third quarter or sinister shield (the
East shield), displays the seal of the Eastern Proprietaries, in use before 1701 : — Party
per fess or and sable ; in chief, issuing out of a cloud in the sinister chief of the
escutcheon azure, the right arm of the goddess Themis proper, holding the balances
of Justice sable ; in base a' garb (or wheat sheaf) or, between two ears of Indian corn
of the same. The fourth quarter, or shield in base, has the arms of Sir George
Carteret. Gules, four fusils in fess argent, and in a canton argent a sinister hand
couped at the wrist and appaum^e gules [/, e. the " Badge of Ulster," or Baronet's
augmentation] : surmounted by a scroll argent, inscribed with the motto loyal devoir
the escutcheon flanked by his initials, on the dexter side G, on the sinister side C,
gules. The two mottoes of the seal of the Eastern Proprietaries in letters of sable,
RIGHTEOUSNESS EXALTETH A NATION placcd ovcr the Shield dexter, and it's god giv-
ETH INCREASE placed ovcr the shield sinister. The Seal of the Western Proprietaries
has no motto. The whole within a border azure, charged with the legend seal of the

NEW jersey HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

The dies have been presented to the Society by Messrs. Ballantine, of Newark,
John I. Blair, of New Jersey, Ex-Mayor Hewitt, of New York, and one or two other
gentlemen, members of the Society. The medals have been struck at the United States
Mint in silver and in bronze. One medal only has been struck in gold, and this

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100 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [APBI^

is soon to be presented by the Society to the Centennial President, Benjamin Harri-
son. One in silver is also to be presented to the Centennial Governor of New Jersey,
now Judge Robert S. Green. The medal is two and one quarter inches in diameter.
The cost in bronze is £2.50, and in silver $10 each. Those who are curious about
values may like to know that it takes exactly one hundred and twenty-five gold dollars
for the gold medal. The striking of the gold, silver and bronze medals is done at cost
only, at the United States Mint, where a special fund exists for public work of this
kind. After the members of the Society have been supplied, one impression will
be reserved as a prize, to be awarded in each County of New Jersey, to that pupil
in the public schools who passes the best examination on the History of the State
and the lives of its great departed, to be awarded at intervals of five years.

This is the first of a series of not less than twenty-five medals to be issued by
the Society in memory of the great events in the Colonial and Revolutionary History
of the State and of the distinguished citizens of New Jersey who took an influential
part in them.

The Society will be glad to receive at its rooms in Newark, and publish any
suggestions from artists and from historians, for designs and subjects worthy of a
medal in the series.

THE CONVERSE MEDAL FOR PAINTERS AND SCULPTORS.

The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts has been presented by Mr. John H.
Converse, ot Philadelphia, with a foundation, the income of which is to be devoted to
providing a Gold Medal, to be awarded at the discretion of the Board of Directors of
the Academy, "in recognition of high achievement in their profession by American
painters and sculptors, who may be exhibitors at the Academy, who are represented
in the permanent collection, or who, for eminent services in the cause of art or to the
Academy, have merited the distinction." A recent number of the Philadelphia Times
has an illustration of the Medal, with some description and comments thereon, from
which we take the following facts.

The Medal was designed by Daniel Jean Baptiste Dupuis, a conspicuous French
exponent of the engraver's art, whose collection of Medals from the annual salons of
Beaux Arts was a fine feature of the Universal Exposition of 1878. Art is the cen-
tralizing thought of the design, in which Dupuis has assembled the various symbols
of the painter and sculptor. The obverse has an allegorical figure of Fame, typified
by a female, standing, draped, but with arms and shoulders bare, to left ; with her
right hand she holds a palm branch at her side, while with her left, extended, she is
crowning with a laurel wreath a painter, seated at the left on the capital of a column ;
he is naked to the waist ; in his left hand he holds a palette ; behind him on a pedestal
is a bust of Minerva, and at the foot of the pedestal a portfolio. Legend, the Penn-
sylvania ACADEMY OF THE FINE ARTS FOUNDED iSos The rcverse has a wreath of
laurel, open widely at the top, and a sculptor's mallet over the juncture of the branches,
which enclose a palette witii a pair of compasses passing through its aperture ; above
the palette, in two lines, awarded | to (the recipient's name to be engraved on the
palette). Legend, pro • causa • artis • honos • honoratis • (Honor to those hon-
ored for the sake of art.) Near the lower right edge is the name of the engraver, in
small letters, daniel dupuis The emblems are all tastefully grouped, and the whole
effect is very pleasing. The device of the capital and the bust of the goddess on the
obverse, typifying the sculptor's art, the palette that of the painter, and the portfolio
applied art, are all tributary to the interpretation of the design.

The donor, Mr. Converse, is well known as a liberal and intelligent patron of art,
especially of American art. The Medal was awarded this year to W. T. Richards and
D. Ridgway Knight,

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1894] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. loi

AN UNDESCRIBED WHITEFIELD MEDAL.

Through the kindness of Mr. James H. Fitts, of South Newmarket, N. H., we
learn of the existence of a Mortuary Medal of the Rev, George Whitefield, which so
far as we have been able to discover, has not been described. It does not seem to be
either of those mentioned by Betts, or by his Editors in their Note on the Whitefield
pieces, as alluded to but not yet described, in the List of English Personal Medals,
now publishing in the London Numismatic Chronicle.

The obverse has a bust of Whitefield three-quarters facing to the right, clothed
in "canonicals," and wearing the peculiar wig of the period, which has thick bunches
of curls at the side. Legend, behind the head at the left, george and in front, at
the right, WHITEFIELD. Keverse, Inscription in seven lines, the third and fourth
separated from those above and below by heavy lines across the planchet ; — an |

ISRAELITE INDEED | A GOOD SOLDIER I OF JESUS CHRIST. | DIED 30 SEP. iJJO \ IN VS

56 YEAR I OF HIS AGE. There is no device. Size 24 nearly.

We are informed that only three are at present known — that from which our
description is taken, which is much worn, and has been badly punched near the upper
edge: another, which is said to be in the City Library, Newburyport, Mass., (in which
city he died,) and a third, the ownership of which we are unable at present to give.
It is therefore believed to be an extremely rare Medal.

NOTES AND QUERIES.

THE WESLEV HEDAL.

The reverse die of the " Old New York Medal," described in the January number of the
youmal, seems to correspond veiy closely with a Centennial Medal in the sale of I. F. Wood's
collection in February, 1884 (Lot 1834), but the obverse there described differs, and the metal
is yellow bronze. The Medal in Mr. Wood's collection seems to have been struck in i866 ; it
is catalogued among Centennials, and it is stated that it was cut by Key. Our correspondent

fave the legend on ihe obverse, but mentioned no date, while the Catalogue cited gives a date
ut no legend. If any of our readers have the Centennial, we should he pleased to receive a
more complete description of the obverse which was cut by Key. Should it prove to be the
same, it would dispose of the question as to the antiquity of the Medal described by our
correspondent. We have reason to believe, however, that Key may have followed an earlier
Medal. eds.

HUDSON BAY TOKENS.

I SEE it Stated that the editor of the Sheboygan (Mich.) Democrat has been presented
with a set of four Hudson Bay Tokens, which are said 10 bear on one side the seal of the
Company, and on the other their fractional value — one-eighth, one-quarter, one-half, and one
(? beaver skin), with the cipher H B and other letters, denoting the district of the Company in
which they are issued, or perhaps redeemed. If 1 am correctly informed, these pieces have
been thought to be very rare, and up to about 1886 that for One-half was the only one known,
and was claimed to be unique. Witt some one familiar with these tokens inform me whether
there has been a new issue, and if their rarity is as great as is claimed. If these pieces are
still in circulation in that remote district, or if a new issue has been put out, it is desirable
that it should be known. Toronto.

MEDAL FOR THE PRESIDENT OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

President Eliot, of Harvard, will complete, during the present year, his twenty-fifth
year of service in his present office. His classmates, and other alumni of the institution, under
the lead of LieuL-Governor Wolcott, have determined to present him at the next Commence-
ment, a Gold Medal, to commemorate the event ; and a committee of graduates from various
Harvard Clubs in different parts of the country have undertaken to raise a subscription to
provide funds for striking this Medal, and in other ways, such as the establishment of Fellow-
ships, perpetuate the memory of the event. It is said that Edward Holyoke who was Presi-
dent 1737-1769, is the only one who has served a longer period than President Eliot.

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102 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISNTATICS. [April,

A CANADIAN MEDAL,

In ihe colleclion of Dr. Charles Clay, of Manchester, England, sold in New York in
December, 1871, was a silver Medal, size 32, which bore "St. Lawrence River; on the right
bank the American eagle ; on the opposite, the Canadian beaver, the British lion at a distance,
legend, etc." It brought $41.50. Evidently it was a rare piece. I have been unable to find
any full description of it in the books accessible to me. What was it ? When and on what
occasion was it struck ? Will some _/ouma/ reader enlighten me. H. M. a.

JOHN hull's mint.

A QUERY appeared in the Joumaliot October last, asking if the place where John Hull
struck the Pine-tree money was known. Will not an investigation of the Records of the Gen-
eral Court settle this? A memoir of Hull says "the Court built the mint-house on land be-
longing to Mr, Hull," etc. What was the writer's authority? w.

DOG DOLLARS,

By the act of the Assembly of West Jersey, October 3-18, 1693, cited in the recently
printed Proceedings of the American Nujnismatic and Archaeol<^cal Society, p. 33, it appears
that " Dog Dollars not dipt " were worth six shillings each, being of the same value with Mexi-
can " pieces of eight." This shows the piece so called was a coin more or less commonly cir-
culated, and of about the same size or weight as the Spanish Dollar. Does it throw any light
on the " Black Oogges ? " Could they have been a similar piece, of base metal ? r.

The Kentucky copper, so called because K. is on the uppermost of the pyramid of stars,
derives its name from that fact alone. There is every probability that the Token was struck
in England, and between June i, 1791 (the date of Kentucky's admission into the Union), and
1800. Kentucky being the youngest of all the States named on the pyramid, the name "Ken-
tucky Copper " is entirely correct and appropriate. E. j, c.

PROTECTION OF COINS.

The French Government employs a device for the protection of its coin-
age which consists in placing a raised lettering around the edge of the piece
of money. On the edge of a five-franc piece are the words, dieu protege la
FRANCE — "God protect France!" To reproduce this is said to be quite
beyond the counterfeiter's art. A similar inscription on the edge of our gold
coins would have rendered impossible the scheme recently tried with success
by swindlers in this country of filling their purses by clipping double eagles,
slightly reducing their diameter and re-reeding them with a machine.

THE ARAGO PRIZE.
The Arago prize which Professor Barnard of Lick Observatory has won for his
astronomical discoveries, is a gold Medal worth one thousand francs. It is the gift of
the French Academy, and has been given but twice before; viz,, to Le Verrier for his
researches leading to the discovery of Neptune in 1846, and to Asaph Hall of the
Washington Observatory, who found the two little moons of Mars. Professor Hall
and Professor Barnard both receive the Medal for the discovery of satellites, and re-
ceive it at the same time. Jean Fran9ois Arago was one of the most famous of all the
French astronomers, and was distinguished not only as an original investigator, but as
possessing a remarkable aptitude for expounding the principles of science and render-
ing them intelligible to the uninitiated classes of the community. His "Astronomic
Populaire " is to-day a model of clear and accurate scientific writing. He was the
"Perpetual secretary" of the French Academy, and his memory is therein immor-
talized, by his astronomical achievements and by the prize which bears his name.

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1894O AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 103

COIN SALES.

STETTIN ER COLLECTION.

Wb have received by the kindness of Signor Sangiorgi, of Rome, Ital^, advance sheets of the Cata-
logue of the remarkable collection of M . le Chev. Pierre Stettiner, of that city, which is to be sold on die
nth April. The catalogue, which is handsomely printed, contains 134 pages and 1537 lots, and is
entirely devoted to the gold, silver and bronze coins of the Roman Empire, beginning with those of
Pompey the Great. It is copiously illustrated with phototype en^vings of the rarer and more interesting
pieces, thus having a great additiooal value for the collector. Signor F. Gnecchi, one of the conductors
of the Rivista Numbmalica Italiana, has added a preface describing the collection.

CHAPMAKS' SALE.

Messrs. Davis & Harvby, of Philadelphia, sold at their rooms, on March 6th and 7th, the varied
collection of Coins and Medals formed by the late William Dickinson, M. D., and the Englbh coins
belon^n^ to Mr. Louis F. Lindsay, catalt^ed by Messrs. S. H. & H. Chapman: Dr. Dickinson's cabinet
contamea but few specimens of value, although the representation of the U. S. series embraced a general
line, and was placed in 462 lots. We note 24, a Half-shekel of Simon Maccabeus, line, {21.50; 33,
Roman As, wiUi bifi-ontal head, fine, 8.50; 97, Septimus Severus, G. B.. fine, 3; 174, a brilliant speci-
men of the Five-franc piece of Napoleon I, hundred days' reign, 3 ; 238, 1875 Trade Dollar, C. C. mint,
very good, 3.25. Half Dollars s-~z(A, 1797, well struck and desirable, 43; 1802, very good, 5.50.
Quarter Dollars:— 1825, uncirculated, 3.10; 1828, do., 4; 1833, fine specimen, 2.50; 1853. without
arrows, very good, S-^S- Cents: — 569, 1798, large date, very fine, 6.15 ; 181 1, perfect date, very fine,
4.25; 646, 1796, Half Cent, rather poor, 15.

Mr. Lindsay's coins formed tne most important part of the sale, and his accumulations were gene-
rally select, beginning with early British, followed by Anglo-Sajton sole monarchs, and post-conquest
down to the present coinage, followed by a few ordinary Scotch and Irish pieces. Some of the prices
realized were, /'lennu.t : — St. Eadmund. fine, 5.2;; another, a variety, fine,6.25i 760, Alfred the Great,
fio^i 5-3° i £adred (pierced), 4.50; Eadgar, slightly broken, 6.10; Harold I, v. good, 8.50; Harold II,
very fine, 12 ; William the Conqueror, bonnet type, fine, 8 ; William II, Rufiis, pierced, 4.75 ; Philip and
Mary, Shilling, tine, 7.50; Elizabeth, Half Crown, fine and rare, 12.50; milled Threepence, 1563, Sne
and rare, 9 ; James I, Crown, square-topped shield, f^x. deus, fine, 30 ; Charles I, Crown, mint mark of
1625, CHRiSTO AUSPICE, etc., fine and well struck, 19; Lot 818, T. K. i ounce of fine pewter, fair, 8.75.
The Crown, Half Crown and Shilling of Cromwell, all fine, were sold together for 50. A Crown of

Ernes II, fine, 4; Half-crown of George I, 1720, and Crown of 1718, both fine, 8.50 each \ George II,
ma Crown, 1746, fine, 4; Crown of William IV, 1831 (struck only as proof), in perfect condition, tq.
Other property followed. Some Indian gold Mohurs and silver Rupees sold at &ir prices. Quite a
line of porcelain tokens of Bankok, Siam. brought from 50 cents to i-jo; mo, Louisburg Medal, Le
Roux 308, very good, 5.10. North West Canada, 1885, War Medal with Saskatchewan bar, very fine,
1 0.75 ■

scorr STAMP a coin co's one hundred and twenty-fifth sale.
On the 14th and 15th of March there were sold at the rooms of Daniel R, Kennedy, in New York,
the collections of Rev. Wm. Bogert Walker, Mr. George S. Skilton, and Mr. Oliver HufTman. The
Catalc^e was prepared by the Scott Stamp and Coin Co., L'td.

The Greek and Roman coins were not important, and few lots were catalogued separately. Good

E rices were realized. Among the Colonials was a New Jersey Cent, unknown to Dr. Maris at the time
e published his work. It was in poor condition, yet it brought {15. The opinion is generally held,
even by the purchaser, that it was a counterfeit of the period. Among the Cents we note the 1796, Lib-
erty variety, fine impression, darker color, 5.1 j; 1810, uncirculated, nut a trifie off from centre, 4.50;
Half Dime of 1805, very good, 7.50; Dimes, J798, fine, 5.30; 1820, uncir., 2. 10; 1823, over '22, fine,
1-75; 1829. brilliant, but with scratch, 1.05; i36o, S. mint, fine, 1.25; Quarter Dolors: 1841, unc,
3.00; 1864, S. mint, good, 1.60; 1866, S. mint. " In God we trust." fair, 4.00, Lot 441, 1792, eagle /,
trial piece for Cent, 3.00; Lot 450, Cent of 1865 in nickel, 1.30; Three-cent Feuchtwanger, 3 1 three |
CENTS, fine, ii.oo; Lot 826, Pattern QuartiUa of Mexico, 1838, a fine and rare variety, 3.00. A long line
of restrikes in copper and silver of Proclamation Medals of Mexico brought good prices. A Sombrerete
Vargas Half-Real of 1812, feir, 7.00. There were various lots of Paper Money: Grant and Sherman
Essay note brought 5.00 with printed signature, and 6.20 for same with autographs. There were also
some choice lots of Broken Bank Bilk anaforeign notes, including a damaged noteof the Banque Royale,
established by John Law, which brought 1.00.

FROSSARD'S SALE.

Mr. Frossard sold on the 22d of March, through Daniel R. Kennedy, a collection of foreign cop-
per and silver Coins and Medals, Coins, Medals and Tokens of Canada, together with some Colonials
and U. S. silver and copper. The following are some of the features: — Lot 70, 2} Ore, Sweden, [661,
fine, |3.7S i Bar money of Annam brought 5, 5.20, 2.20 respectively; Crowns of Austria, Germany, and

the Low Countries, with some Medals 11

Scudoof 124 soldi of Anton Priuli, fine, „ .,, „ . ^, . „ ... -_

many restrikes, Lot 271, Medal of Louis XI v (Le Rom 300), a restrike, 10 ; others, from 3.80 to 7.50 ;

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104 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS, [April,

a Sou of 1731 from the Rouen mint (B) good, brought 6 ; a Jeiou of 1754, with beaver on rev., in silver,
11.7s; another of I756t with rev. bees emigrating from old to new hive, also Id silver, 30; Nova Scotia
and New Brunswick " Success," fine, 5 ; Montreal Side-view Banlc token, 1838, fine, 31 ; HaUpennj of
same, in same condition, 15.50. Bridge Tokens : — Caliche (Breton 538J, 15; Cheval, fine, nidced, 14;
Lesslie & Sons, Twopence, " sharp, perfect, very fine," b rather bewildering, sufficient to state, however,
the &ce was worn smooth \ It brought 9. 50. Lot 303, Libertas Americana Medal with ex. 4 juiL. 1776
(Betts 615), in silver, fine. 12.50. Mormon Five dollars gold, i860, Deseret Assay office, fine, with light
dent, 24; Lot 336, 1795 Dollar, flowii^ hair, sharp and brilliant, iS; 1799, do., without berries to
branch, sharp and fine, 4.90; another, 5 stars facing, very good, 4. The lung of the sale was a silver
Medal of the Columbian Order, instituted 1789, in choice condition, which brought 51 ; Lot 429, broad
Crown, 1534, of John Van Leyden, king of Anabaptists, very fine, 9.35. Centi : — Lot 436, 1793, had
been cleaned, hence the bright red color was not " original ;" it brought %io\ a Liberty cap of the same
year, in very good condition, 21 ; Lot 480, 1819, was neither large date nor uncirculated, 1 ; 485, 1825
over '22, /iv from fine, instead of " nearly fine," 5; 486a, 1825, catalogued as "struck tn brass or
plated." was of course plated. No specimen in brass b known of this or any other date. t827 was not
uncirculated, nor was tne 1857 small date. Some choice Rosa Americana pieces brought good prices: —
1722, Twopence, ^.75; Penny with vtile, 12,25; Hallpenny, 11. A fine set of the Lord Baltimtx^
money — Groat, Sixpence, and Shilling (3 pieces), brought 71.

OBITUARY.

Br the kindness of Mr. Weeks we ptint the following sketch of the late Mr. Lovetti
whose works are so well known to American Collectors, and which was presented at the
recent Annual Meeting of the American Numismatic and Archaeological Society.

GEORGE HAMPDEN LOVETT.

George Hampden Lovett was born at Philadelphia, February 14, 1824. When
he was an infant, his father moved to New York, the place of his mher's birth, and
where he spent the greater part of his life. His father, Robert Lovett, and his
brothers, John D. and Robert, all of whom he outlived, were die-sinkers. After giving
George a common school education, his father took him into his employ, at the age of
sixteen, to learn the art of engraving and die-sinking. He spent the rest of his lue at
that business, in New York City. During the last twenty-five years, he resided in
Brooklyn.

In March, 1873, he issued a circular, in which he claimed "that medal die-sinking
is a distinct branch of art ;" thus showing his own high estimate of the possibilities of
his profession. He thought "competition for national coins and medals should be
thrown open to all." Solomon said, "Of making many books there is no end." If he
could have seen the hundreds (shall we say thousands) of medals, to which Mr. Lovett
stood sponsor, he certainly would have included medals also in his ejaculation. As
one of his friends somewhat mildly expresses it, "he was prolific." He certainly was.

In his advertisement, in April, 1879, in the AmerUan Journal of Numismatics,
which continued in the Jmimal, without change, until October, 1890, he referred to
but four of his patrons by name, Hamilton College, the College of the City of New
York, the American Institute and the Whiting Manufacturing Company. He an-
nounced as on hand, for sale, the issues of Mr. Wood's series and of the New York
Medal Club. He advertised to design and execute medals for Societies, Schools and
Colleges, and promised particular attention to Political Tokens and Commemorative
Historical Medals and Numismatic Series. These are scarcely a tithe of his doings,
to enumerate which would take an evening, and to describe in detail would fill a book.
He kept no list of his productions, many {if not all) of which he donated to the Amer-
ican Numismatic and Archaeological Society, from which we have gathered the
following facts.

His medals tell the story of the Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, 1876 ; the
World's Industrial and Cotton Centennial ExfMsition, New Orleans, 1885 ; the North,
Central and South American Exposition, New Orleans, 1886 ; the Piedmont Exposi-
tion, Atlanta, 1887; the American Exhibition, London, 1S87; and the World's
Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1S93. Numismatic, Historical and Agricultural
Societies, Colleges and Schools, and the Social Clubs, American and foreign, the

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1894.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 105

Masons, Odd Fellows, Grand Army, National Guard, firemen and politicians have
sought his aid, time and time again.

His work commemorates the battles and principal events of the Revolution and
the Civil War, the erection of statues and monuments, and the dedication of cathe-
drals, churches and public or historic buildings. Medals were designed by him to
celebrate events abroad as well as at home. He cut the dies for the coins of Hondu-
ras, and for the plantation or hacienda currency on the Island of Cuba. The Lord's
Prayer, on a diameter of less than half an inch, and that, too, without the aid of a
reduction machine, will be a perpetual savor of sweet incense to his memory.

His membership in the American Numismatic and Archaeological Society dates
from December 23, 1867, and for a long time he regularly attended its meetings. He
engraved the plate for the printing of certificates of membership, and cut the dies for
the striking of membership medals of the Society in 1876. He never held office in
the Society, and had no ambition for political preferment. That he was intensely
patriotic, however, is evidenced by his life's work, and testified to by his intimate
friends. His genial, kindly disposition was plainly written on every feature. He was
"indignant at wrong to others, slow of wrath for himself, and patient of imposition to
a fault." One of his old friends says of him, " 1 don't believe George H. Lovett ever
wittingly did a dishonorable thing in his life ; I don't think he could." But few can
bear such a test.

He was married three times. His first wife, Sarah Barmore, left a daughter,
Anna A., now Mrs. Charles M. Keyser, of Ridgewood, N. J, He married his third
wife, Mary H. Turzanski, September 7, 1868. She survives him, with three children,
Mary "Emma Lovett, Robert Lovett and Joseph P. Lovett, the latter twelve years of
age. His last illness was but short, but he had been in failing health for several years.
He had a press at his house, where he could work quietly and without interruption.
Only a short time before his death, he brought home a gold planchet to strike, and
told his wife he should spend the afternoon at home striking the medal. When night
came, he said, with evident feeling, that he was too feeble to undertake the work, and
he should have to get some one else to do it. The hand had lost its cunning ; the
strong had become weak 1 Death had set his seal upon him I

He died of nervous prostration, January 28, 1894, at his late residence, No. 26
Irving Place, Brooklyn. As was his wish, his funeral was conducted quietly, at his
house, and few, outside of his family, knew of his death. His works will live after him.

W. R. WEEKS.

JULES BRETTE.
Mr. Jules Brette, widely known to Southern collectors, died April 7th, at the
age of sixty-four. He was a native of France, and came to America a number of
years ago as a member of an opera troupe, making his first appearance in New Or-
leans, which was subsequently his residence until his death. His place of business
on St. Charles Street was a resort for lovers of old coins, curios and relics of historic
interest.

CHARLES GUSTAVE THIEME.

We see with regret the announcement of the death of the well known Numisma-
tist Charles Gustave Thieme, of Leipsic, whose Catalogue Numismatiscker Verkehr
and Blatter fur Mumfreunde, of which fie was long the editor and publisher, have
made his name widely known to collectors.

EARLY STATE COPPER COINAGE.

It is said that 40 tons of copper have been coined in half-pence, at Greenwich, in Eng-
land, for American circulation. Device, on one side, an Eye of Providence, and thirteen stars.
The reverse, U. S. — Better these than that bane to honesty, paper money. " The Massachusetts
Centinel" (Boston), May 10, 1786.

The copper coinage now emitting in New-Jersey, is to amount at least to Ten Thousand
i'ounds, one-tenth part of which is to he paid to the State. Ibid., July i, 1786.

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io6 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [Aprii^

BOOK NOTICES.

The Editors of the Journai having been so closely connected with the prepanitioD of the foUowiog
volume, and feeling that their criticism of their own work might overlook blemishes they had failed to
discern, yet which might be apparent to others, requested Professor Woolf to undertake the task of re-
viewing it, and he has kindly consented to do so.

American Colonial History, Illustrated by CotrrEHPORARY Medals. By the late C.
Wyllys Betts, Member of the American Numismatic and Archaeological Society.

Edited, with notes, by William T. R. Marvin, A.M and Lyman Haynes Low. ....

New York r Scott Stamp & Coin Co. L'd, 1894. 8vo, pp. viii : 332. $3.00.

This latest addition to the collector's library deserves more than a passing notice as the
first work which has reconstructed in a compact form the disjecta membra of a subject dispersed
throughout many publications not always readily accessible to the working student As the
tide indicates, it is the Medallic History of our Colonial era ; hence the scope is more extended
than if dealing with the coinage, and its interest enlarged in a commensurate degree. A cur-
soty inspection of the topics will suffice to exhibit how productive is the field which has been
explored, embracing as they do the discovery and colonization of the country, the Intercolonial
and Revolutionary Wars, and various other notable events of scarcely less importance.

The appearance of this contribution to American Numismatics is most opportune, espe-
cially at a time when learned and artistic societies and the more intelligent body of the public
are agitating the question of the improvement of the national coinage, discussing the most
effective means of attaining that desirable end and urging the passage of some law whereby
the die-sinker's art may become, here as abroad, a recognized branch of artistic production.
An examination of this book will make manifest to the least interested observer the importance
of these commemorative Medals ; while, with the more thoughtful, it will serve to emphasize the
fact that one of the most prosperous of nations, with a history abounding in stirring events,
has, in the course of its growth, failed to develop a medallic art worthy of the least important
Greek city of antiquity; that to-day it must depend almost wholly upon foreign taste and skill
for the little it attempts in this direction ; that its best efforts have scarcely succeeded in attain-
ing to anything above the mediocre pieces of the Mint, which, indifferent as they are, do not
even possess the questionable merit of being the handiwork of native-born die-sinkers and
artists.

The book is an example of excellent printing combined with moderate cost. The type is
clean, the paper of good quality, and the numerous well-selected illustrations more than usually
sharp and clear; a very helpful feature is the translation of the various legends in Latin, Dutch,
French, Spanish, etc. ; useful alike to the expert as to the less advanced student, since the
abbreviations of titles, names, localities and words, are at times extremely puzzling, and not
infrequently difficult if not impossible of interpretation. Add to these excellences a scholarly
arrangement, accurate descriptions, historical and numismatic references, copious and instruc-
tive notes which greatly increase its value, and very complete indices of legends, engravers
and subjects, and little remains to be desired. A fine phototype of an old print of Admiral
Vernon forms the frontispiece.

The value of the book is not restricted to the American public alone; treating of events
with which the great nations of Europe were identified, England, Spain, France and Holland,
it is a "body of history" of those countries out of whose voyages, Ascoveries, settlements and
conflicts has emerged die great Repubiic of the West. The Medals which it pictures represent
varying phases of fortune, and must undoubtedly prove a source of as much interest to
foreign investigators as to our own. The subjects which these 623 Medals commemorate are
too numerous to describe in detail ; among the more suggestive are the Medals given to Indian
Chiefs by France and England, the large collection of Vernon Medals, the series presented to
the heroes of the Revolurion by Congress, the Spanish Proclamation Pieces covering the reigns
of Philip V, Louis I, Ferdinand VI, and Charles III. Those of Charles IV, struck in Mexico
and South America, might with propriety have been included, but Mr. Betts decided to close
his descriptions with the end of the Revolutionary War, and the Medals thereto pertaining,
and the Editors have, probably for that reason, made no reference to the later Spanish-Ameri-
cans, although from their constant reference to Herrera, it is clear they might have added this
series. There are a few descriptions which might properly have been excluded ; but the
Editors, conscious of this, explain in their prefatory note that Mr. Betts had not completed
the revision of his manuscript when he died.

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i894.] AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 107

Although the first syiiEemaiic compilation on Colonial Medals, it is safe to assume that the
book will become a standard work, a necessary part of every collector's library. Everywhere
we find evidences of care, acumen and research; the ability of its late author and the well
known reputation of its Editors, are a sufficient guaranty of its accuracy. If the perusal of the
volume inspires any feeling of disappointment) it is that the valuable collection which formed
the basis of the work should have been lost to the city and to the Society with which its author
was so long and so closely connected; still it found a worthy resting place in the halls of his
Alma Mater, Yale, to which it was bequeathed. s. w.

Illustrated History of Coins and Tokens relating to Canada. P. N. Breton, Member
of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Montreal. 240 pp. 8vo, 1028 illustrations
and photo-engravings. Montreal, 1894. P. N. Breton & Co.

A RBMARKABLE inci;fase in the number of Numismatic students and collectors in Canada
has taken place during the past few years. As a natural consequence there is a growing de-
mand for sources of inuirmation relating to the Canadian coinage. In gathering these together,
much that is new and valuable has been unearthed, and a notable degree of interest manifested.
The author of this work has already appeared in print in a smaller publication on the subject
in i8go, the success of which prompted him to enlarge and elaborate it into the considerable
proportions of the present volume. A careful study of this book will convey a very clear idea
of the Canadian series up to this time. It is well calculated to assist the student and foster
the collecting ardor now particularly prevalent in the British American dependencies. Indeed
our friends across the border appear to be relatively more enthusiastic on Numismatic subjects,
than ourselves. Mr, Breton deplores the absence of public collections in Canada — and aims
to supply their place as far as possible by an illustrated history of the metallic issues of his
country. His effort must be regarded as very successful.

The features of the work are : The coinage of the French Regime, of the old Province
of Canada, of the Dominion and its federated Provinces, and a very exhaustive description of
card money, and the tokens issued from the beginning of the century.. These latter have in-
creased in number and variety to such an extent as to call for a suggestion by Mr. Breton that
legislative interference should be invoked. Each piece is described and illustrated (with de-
gree of rarity stated). An additional interest is given by short biographical sketches, with
portraits, of some of the leading members of the Canadian fraternity, among whom we note
names of the well-known collectors, Adelard J. Boucher, of Montreal, and Thomas Wilson, of
Clarence, Ontario. As the book is well printed on special coated paper, it presents a hand-
some appearance. The engravings and illustrations are far in advance of Leroux and other
similar works on this subject. We trust the edition will meet with the popular appreciation it
justly deserves.

EDITORIAL.

Thb present number closes another volume of the youmal ; the publishers, through the
interest shown by lovers of the science which the magazine has ever aimed to advance, have
been enabled to increase the number of illustrations of new or interesting Medals, etc., and
the number of pages also, during the year. We shall endeavor in the next volume to hold the
youmal fully up to its high standard, and some changes in its arrangement are in contempla-
tion, which will improve its typographic appearance. Contributions are cordially invited from
all interested in the subjects to which its pages are devoted.

The paper by Mr. Drowne, printed in the recently published Proceedings of the A. N.
and A. Soc., noticed on a previous page, is interesting as a prophecy not merely of what might
have been expected but substantially of what has occurred. The old proverb that " History
repeats itself " has again been verified, if we may believe the current reports, in the discovery
that a single concern at the West has coined and put upon the market fac-similes of the U. S,
silver Dollars, to a very large amount — one account says half a million — at a profit to them-
selves, under the present price of silver, of nearly fifty percent, and it is thought that this is but
one of several like cases. These pieces, it is stated, cannot be distinguished by the public from

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io8 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. [April, 1894.

the genuine issues of the Mint, being of excellent workmanship, and of the same weight aad
fineness as the standard silver coin. Whether the story is true or not, there is nothing improb-
able in it ; the only wonder is that instead of confining themselves to U. S. Dollars, these
concerns did not add to their private mint, facilities for producing Mexican Dollars which are
quoted as worth a higher price for export to China, and subsidiary coins on which there is a
larger margin. This is a realization of the " Seigniorage " by private individuals, which would
meet with little opposition from the valiant and bloody-minded Governor of Colorado.

We have printed on another page a letter from Messrs. Tiffany & Co. relative to the
Columbian Medal which they struck for the American Numismatic and Arch aeol epical Society
of New York. Our statement in the January number that some were "struck in gold-bronze "
was based on the Society's circular, and an abstract of the proceedings for November 20 last,
which was sent us by the Secretary, from which we quote : " The President presented a letter
from Tiffany & Co., accompanied by three Columbus Medals in silver, gotd-bronze and bronze,"
etc. The error was a natural one, and is only worth mentioning now in view of the explana-
tions elsewhere given, to show how it arose. At that meeting, on the motion of Mr. John M.
Dodd, the Society by a unanimous vote passed a resolution expressive of the valuable service
to American Numismatic art rendered by Messrs. Tiffany A Co. in striking the Medal, and
" the assurance of their appreciation of the artistic and successful result of their efforts."

The Columbian Exposition Medal to be presented by the authority of Government to
the exhibitors who are to be honored, and the design of which, by St. Gaudens, was first ap-
proved and then rejected, as has been so frequently stated in the daily press, is still unfinished.
The situation would be amusing were it not rather pathetic. If we may believe the reporters,
the artist at first introduced a ribbon which floated before the youthful figure, but failed tt>
please those who objected to his previous model ; a shield was then proposed, evidently with
no better success, for early in the present month it was stated that Secretary Carlisle had
rejected both the amended designs.

Since the page containing the article on the Belle-Isle Medal was printed, our attention
has been called to the fact that some of the titles of the officers participating in the battles
near the Island are not correctly given. Keppel's name should be given Augustus, Viscount
Keppel, though at the rime of the victory he had not won his title, as appears in the article.
Hawke was simply " The Honorable Edward Hawke," at the time mentioned, and gained his
title subsequently to the battle.

We learn from our predecessors in the publication of the Journal, that a very few sets
from the beginnings to and including Vol. XXV, have just been made up, and can be obtained
on application to the late Senior Editor, Mr. Wm. S. Appleton, Boston, to whom letters on the
subject as to the terms, etc., should be addressed.

CURRENCY.

And it came to pass — The counterfeit Quarter.
" A MAN," said Uncle Moses^ " is a heap like a silver doUah. De best way to find out
wat kine o' metal he is made of is to slam him down hard."

" What is Andrew's business ? " " He's a bill collector." " Indeed I " " Yes, he has
one of the finest collections you ever saw, not counring duplicates."

"How shall I enter the money the cashier skipped with?" asked the bookkeeper:
" Under profit and loss ? " " No ; suppose you put it under running expenses."

" JiMMiE, where did you get this five cents ? " " It's the money you gave me for the
heathen, mamma." " Then why did you keep it ? " " My teacher said I was a heathen."

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CATALOGUES.

ISEin£ EDITIONS NOifli REKDYl
COPPER CATALOGUE

17th Edition.

is NOW READY. Ii contains upwards of 150 new illustiiUions specially prepared for this edition.
Tlie many new coins whitli have appeared during the pist two and a half years will be found accurately
noted. The Knglish, French and German Colonics have been liberally supplied, and in other ways a
much larger field has been covered than ever i>cfore attempted in a sale catalogue.

The native names of countries, etc , will tje lounil with the corresponding Kn^dish. The old
names of places are given, together with the new; also tho.se which apjjcar in Ivitin, and some are
shown on the coins in no other form. Monograms have been noted and a (able of (hem is furnished.
thus making recognition of many coins of the Herman States of the ifith to iSlh Century an easy matter.
The Reigns of Sovereigns and those under whom coin.s were struck is given ; also, in many cases,
the .irnis of the city or country, and the name of the Patron Saint a, frequently the only me.-ins of
identification. The American Colonial, U. ,S., and Canadian series have had particular attention, and a
simple and easily un<lerstoo(i explanation of the " Utr.ildry of Coins'" has been added, and a copious
Index. Every collector or student, whether of long or short experience in the science, will find these
calaliigues of great utility, in fact almost afiording a small library in itself. (Jur new

CiOLE) AND SILVER CATALOGUE,

IS NOW READY,

Contains changes and improvements quite as extensive as those made in the Copper edition, including
NUMIih'OUS NHW lI.J.USTHA'nONS,

lIKh-ALDtC ni-.VlCES, PAJA-ON SAfXTS. h'H/CNS 01- SOVEKEIGNS^

/■l/J.L INDEX, GI.OSSAKY OF HEKALDIC TEKMS, Etc.
PRICE 50 CENTS EACH.
We are also preparing a very exh.iustive c.italogiie of

l^AHBR MONB^'.

In addition 10 the Colonial, Continental. ).'. S. Kratlioiial Currency and Confederate States issues, will he
given the most complete list of BROKEN BANK BILLS known at various times as ■' Wildcat,"
•' Red Dog," etc., that tareful te.'icarch of montiis has en.abled us to obtain. There will also be a liat
of private issues (which were commonly called ■' Shin-plasters," following the period of Hard Times).
It includes those uttered by merchants and individuals from the earliest period following the Continental
series to the close of the War of the Rebellion. The Hard Times period. iH34 to 1841. and the War
of ihe keliellion issues (north and .south) furnish a large portion.
1'he I ilh edition of our

HRKMItJM LIST

or prices we pay for certain American Colonial and U.S. fiold. Silver and Copper Coins, (with a
Cana<li;m siip|>lemcnl). a COMPLETE LIST OF THE RARE DATES, is now ready. Many new
cuts are for the first time used in this orliii<iii, and the nmiiiiirol payis has been incrcasetl.

Send for our new 52 page circular, POCKET EDITION, with full list of
cheap packets and sets, with much information regarding stock we keep and
our manner of doing business. Mailed free on application.

SCOTT STAMP AND COIN COMPANY, L'd,

IS East 23d Street, New York, N. Y.

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